In this prospective multicenter, observational cohort study of patients presenting at the ED for AHF, early treatment with intravenous loop diuretics was associated with lower in-hospital mortality. (Registry focused on very early presentation and treatment in emergency department of acute heart failure syndrome; UMIN000014105).

These findings suggest that ROS in the RVLM enhance glutamatergic excitatory inputs and attenuate GABAergic inhibitory inputs to the RVLM, thereby increasing sympathoexcitatory input to the RVLM from the PVN in SHRs.

No abstract

These results indicate that decreased brain S1R contributes to the relationship between heart failure and depression in a mouse model of pressure overload.

No abstract

Tolvaptan is an oral antagonist of arginine vasopressin receptor 2 that has been approved in Japan to reduce congestive symptoms in patients with heart failure refractory to loop diuretics. However, it is unknown whether the early use of tolvaptan results in better clinical outcomes. We retrospectively analyzed 102 consecutive patients with decompensated heart failure treated with tolvaptan at our hospital. A given patient was defined as a responder when the maximum urine volume was greater than 150 % of that observed before tolvaptan use. A logistic regression analysis revealed that the early use of tolvaptan (within 3 days after admission) was an independent factor associated with tolvaptan responsiveness. There were no significant differences in the baseline clinical parameters between the early and late tolvaptan use groups. However, the early use of tolvaptan was associated with higher tolvaptan responsiveness, a shorter duration of carperitide infusion, earlier initiation of ambulatory cardiac rehabilitation, shorter hospital stay, lower rate of in-hospital death. The early use of tolvaptan was associated with a shorter hospital stay and reduced mortality in our retrospective cohort. It might therefore be beneficial to consider administering tolvaptan earlier in patients with heart failure.

Increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) Na(+) concentration ([Na(+)]) precedes hypertension and is a key step in the development of salt-induced hypertension. In the choroid plexus (CP), epithelial Na(+) channels (ENaCs) have an important role in Na(+) transport from the blood into the CSF. However, it remains unknown whether the mineralocorticoid receptors (MR)/ENaCs pathway in the CP of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRSP) is involved in neural mechanisms of hypertension. Therefore, we examined the role of the MR/ENaCs pathway in the CP in the development of hypertension in SHRSP associated with an increase in CSF [Na(+)]. As a marker of MR activation, serum/glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (Sgk1) expression levels in the CP were measured and found to be greater in SHRSP than in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats. CSF [Na(+)] levels were also higher in SHRSP than in WKY rats. In SHRSP, high-salt intake (8%) increased blood pressure and urinary norepinephrine excretion compared with those in animals fed a regular salt diet (0.5%) for 2 weeks. Furthermore, the expression levels of MR, Sgk1 and ENaCs in the CP and the increase in CSF [Na(+)] were greater in SHRSP fed a high-salt diet than in those fed a regular salt diet. These alterations were attenuated by intracerebroventricular infusion of eplerenone (10 μg kg(-1) per day), except for α-ENaC and β-ENaC. We conclude that activation of the MR/ENaCs pathway in the CP contributes to hypertension via an increase in CSF [Na(+)], thereby exaggerating salt-induced hypertension with sympathetic hyperactivation in SHRSP.

Our findings indicate that the NRG-1/ErbB signaling in the RVLM has depressor and sympathoinhibitory effects. Reduced NRG/ErbB2 signaling in the RVLM may contribute to the neural mechanisms of hypertension.