Proprioception is an essential part of shoulder stability and neuromuscular control. The purpose of the study was the development of a precise system of shoulder proprioception assessment in the active mode (Propriometr). For that purpose, devices such as the electronic goniometer and computer software had been designed. A pilot study was carried out on a control group of 27 healthy subjects, the average age being 23.8 (22–29) in order to test the system. The result of the assessment was the finding of the error of active reproduction of the joint position (EARJP). EARJP was assessed for flexion, abduction, external and internal rotation. For every motion, reference positions were used at three different angles. The results showed EARJP to range in 3–6.1°. The proprioception evaluation system (propriometr) allows a precise measurement of active joint position sense. The designed system can be used to assess proprioception in both shoulder injuries and treatment. In addition, all achieved results of normal shoulders may serve as reference to be compared with the results of forthcoming studies.
Flax and hemp, two plants traditionally associated with European civilization, are a source of many extremely valuable ingredients that are simply necessary for health. Flax is one of the noblest plants. It is the richest plant source of nutrients sought for by man. Linseed is extremely rich in mucous compounds, proteins, sterols, organic acids, enzymes, mineral salts, unsaturated glycerides. The most valuable component of flax seeds is oil, the content of which can reach up to 40%. The unique linseed oil contains over 90% unsaturated fatty acids (EFA), of which more than half are omega-3 fatty acids. Hemp leaves and inflorescence contain phytocannabinoids, which are responsible for a number of biological effects, e.g. antidepressant, anti-emetic, analgesic, anti-cancer, anticonvulsant, anti-inflammatory and antiatherosclerotic activity. In recent years, the topic of endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome often appears in the professional press, which is explained by the fact that biological evolution cannot keep up with rapid lifestyle changes.
The species Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) includes fiber hemp (Cannabis sativa L. var. sativa) and indian hemp (narcotic) (Cannabis sativa L. var. indica), differing in the level of cannabinoids, mainly Δ9THC, which in fiber hemp is below 0.2%. Fiber hemp is a plant widespread around the world, cultivated mainly for its fiber, used for a variety of purposes. The seeds are used in the food, cosmetic industries and birds food. The medicinal use of cannabis has been known for over 5,000 years. The pharmacological properties of the cannabinoids dominant in indian hemp make them useful in the treatment of various diseases. The presence of the psychoactive Δ9THC is controversial.
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