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Charging clusters: A hybrid of polyoxometalate (POM) molecules individually adsorbed onto the surfaces of single‐wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) can be used as a cathode‐active material in rechargeable lithium batteries. This POM/SWNT battery exhibited a very high capacity (>300 Ah kg−1) with a short charging/discharging time (<2 h).

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Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can produce effects not only at the site of stimulation but also at distant sites to which it projects. Here we examined the connection between supplementary motor area (SMA) and the hand area of the primary motor cortex (M1 Hand ) by testing whether prolonged repetitive TMS (rTMS) over the SMA can produce changes in excitability of the M1 Hand after the end of the stimulus train. We evaluated motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) and the cortical silent period (CSP) evoked by a single-pulse TMS, short-interval intracortical inhibition (SICI) and intracortical facilitation (ICF) produced by a paired-pulse TMS, and forearm flexor H reflexes before and after 750 pulses of 5 Hz rTMS over SMA at an intensity of 110% active motor threshold (AMT) for the first dorsal interosseous (FDI) muscle. The amplitude of MEPs recorded from the right FDI muscle at rest as well as during voluntary contraction increased for at least 10 min after the end of rTMS, although the duration of the CSP, SICI and ICF did not change. There was no effect on H reflexes in the flexor carpi radialis muscle, even though the amplitude of the MEP obtained from the same muscle increased after rTMS. The effects on MEPs depended on the intensity of rTMS and were spatially specific to the SMA proper. We suggest that 5 Hz rTMS over SMA can induce a short-lasting facilitation in excitability of the M1 Hand compatible with the anatomical connections between SMA and the M1 Hand . A series of studies from this laboratory and from other groups have shown that it is possible to distinguish the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of primary motor cortex (M1) from those seen after stimulation over the presumed dorsal premotor cortex (PMd), some 1.5-2 cm anterior. Thus, single-pulse conditioning stimuli over PMd reduce the excitability of the primary motor cortex hand area (M1 Hand ) some 6 ms later (Civardi et al. 2001), whereas the same conditioning stimuli applied over M1 Hand have a maximum effect at 1-2 ms (Kujirai et al. 1993). Repetitive TMS (rTMS) of PMd at an intensity of 90% active motor threshold (AMT) can either increase (5 Hz rTMS; Rizzo et al. 2003) or decrease (1 Hz rTMS; Gerschlager et al. 2001) the excitability of M1 Hand for several minutes depending on the frequency of the conditioning rTMS, whilst the same stimulation applied directly over M1 Hand has no effect. Behavioural studies have also revealed differences between stimulation of PMd and M1. For example, single-pulse TMS over M1 can delay reaction times if it is given late in the reaction period between stimulus and response, whereas the pulse has to be applied early in the reaction period for effects to be seen after stimulation of PMd (Schluter et al. 1998;Day et al. 1989). Finally, functional imaging studies, which show the effects of TMS both at the site of stimulation and at connected sites at a distance, reveal that rTMS over M1 produces quite a different pattern of after-effects on rCBF than stimulation over PMd Lee et al. 2003). Ind...

Geladene Cluster: Ein Hybridsystem aus einwandigen Kohlenstoffnanoröhren (SWNTs) mit individuell oberflächenadsorbierten Polyoxometallat(POM)‐Molekülen kann als kathodenaktives Material in wiederaufladbaren Lithiumbatterien eingesetzt werden. Eine so aufgebaute POM/SWNT‐Batterie war durch eine sehr hohe Kapazität (>300 Ah kg−1) und kurze Lade/Entladezeiten (<2 h) charakterisiert.

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Filling the tube: Ultrathin metal nanowires with diameters of single atoms (ca. 1.7 nm) were synthesized in high yield by using a nanofilling reaction using the nanospace of carbon nanotubes (CNTs). As the nanowires are protected by the wall of the CNTs, they resist oxidation and structural disintegration even under ambient conditions.

Structures and magnetic characteristics of two three-coordinate erbium(iii) compounds with C geometry, tris(2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresolate)erbium, Er(dbpc) (1) and tris(bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl)erbium, Er(btmsm) (2), were determined. Both underwent temperature-dependent slow magnetic relaxation processes in the absence of an external magnetic field. As a result of the differences in the coordination environment, they exhibit different energy barriers and quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM) constants.