Експериментальна медицина і морфологіяУкраїнський журнал медицини, біології та спорту -Том 3, № 1 (10)
The issue of high-quality creating histological preparations is an urgent issue of histology and pathological anatomy, experimental medicine and biology. The pituitary gland belongs to the smallest in mass and size of the endocrine glands in both humans and animals, it is an endocrine gland and occupies one of the central places in the endocrine regulation of the body's vital activity. The study of the features of the removal of the pituitary gland from Turkish saddle of the sphenoid bone of the skull of rats remains an important aspect of modern morphology. The purpose of the work was to develop an original technique for improving the first (removal) and second (material fixation) stages of creating histological preparations of the rat pituitary gland for morphological, morphometric, and immunohistochemical medico-biological experimental studies. Material and methods. The development of the methodology was carried out on 200 white sexually mature rats of different sex weighing 250-300 g at the age of 7-8 months in accordance with the National and European bioethical standards. Results and discussion. Modification of the technique of extracting the pituitary gland of rats includes the introduction of the animal into thiopental anesthesia, decapitation, separation of the skin and muscular integument of the head, resection of the occipital bone of the skull, exposure and removal of the brain, identification of the pituitary gland, followed by removal of the pituitary gland with a single complex (block) together with the pituitary fossa Turkish saddle and fragments of the sphenoid bone adjacent to it. The gland was fixed with a reduced concentration of a 5% solution of buffered neutral formalin. After 15-18 hours from the beginning of fixation, the complex was temporarily removed from the fixator, and the pituitary gland was removed from the pituitary fossa of Turkish saddle using eye scalpel and eye forceps. The organ had a well-fixed and compacted capsule, which prevented unnecessary trauma and fragmentation of the organ during removal. The removed pituitary gland was again immersed in a 5% solution of neutral buffered formalin for 2-3 hours. After the end of the fixation period, the pituitary gland had a well-fixed structure and was subject to the following standard stages of making permanent histological specimens
Diabetes is one of the most common condition in the world which is rightly interpreted as a non-infectious pandemic. The wounds are one of most common traumatic injuries, constitute a significant proportion of surgical pathology and are a serious medical problem throughout the world. The disruption of the carbohydrate exchange has a negative impact on the healing process, which can be long and difficult to treat. The problem of repaired damaged skin of various etiologies remains relevant today. The purpose of our research was to study the microstructural and planimetric features of the skin reparative regeneration of mature rats under the chronic hyperglycemia. Material and methods. The study was conducted on 60 white laboratory mature rats: a control group, a group of animals with chronic hyperglycemia of the body. The chronic hyperglycemia was simulated by the single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) and nicotinic acid (1 mg/kg). The wound was formed by cutting out a piece of skin in the interscapular region. The studies were performed on the 7, 14 and 21 days after trauma. The light microscopy was performed using an Olympus BH-2 microscope (Japan), the planimetric analysis was performed using the morphometric program "Digimizer". The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS-17 software package. Results and discussion. The study results showed that the process of the skin regeneration of mature rats with the chronic hyperglycemia is of the unfinished character and reveals as a violation of the epithelialization process, angiogenesis, keratinization and reorganization of connective tissue into a full-fledged dermis. The main features of the process of post-traumatic skin regeneration of rats with chronic hyperglycemia are the prolongation of the reduction of wound area at the all study stages. The wound healing rate in the rats with the chronic hyperglycemia was the largest on the 21st day of the experiment and was (7.69±1.97) mm2 / day, while in control rats the wound healing rate at the end of the experiment was the lowest and amounted to (2.87±0.32) mm2 / day. The wound healing rate were clearly correlated with the dynamics of wound healing in both groups. Conclusion. In our study, we also observed a prolongation of the inflammatory phase and delayed recovery processes in animals with chronic hyperglycemia. In these animals there was a decrease in the rate of wound healing with a weak tendency to increase it at the end of the experiment. In the control group, on the contrary, the rate of wound healing was higher in the initial stages of the study, and decreased in the end. Speed rates were clearly correlated with the dynamics of wound defect healing in both groups
Wound regeneration is a complex problem for modern healthcare, since the existing methods of treatment are not always effective, which necessitates the development of new promising methods. In this regard, today researchers are greatly interested in the possibility of using platelet-rich plasma in the treatment of patients with soft tissue injuries. The purpose of our research was to study the micro-, ultrastructural, planimetric and morphometric features of the skin reparative regeneration of old rats under the chronic hyperglycemia using platelet-rich plasma. Material and methods. The study was conducted on 30 white laboratory old rats: І group was a control group, ІІ group consisted of animals with chronic hyperglycemia of the body; ІІІ group included animals with chronic hyperglycemia of the body that were administered with platelet-rich plasma into the skin defect. The chronic hyperglycemia was simulated by the single intraperitoneal administration of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) and nicotinic acid (1 mg/kg). The wound was formed by cutting out a piece of skin in the interscapular region. The animals with chronic hyperglycemia of the body ІІІ group were administered with autologous platelet-rich plasma into the skin defect. The studies were performed on the 14 days after trauma. The light microscopy was performed using an Olympus BH-2 microscope (Japan), ultramicroscopic study was performed using a JEM-1230 transmission electron microscope (JEOL, Japan), the planimetric analysis was performed using the morphometric program "Digimizer". The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS-17 software package. Results and discussion. The obtained results showed that the process of skin regeneration in elderly rats with chronic hyperglycemia, which were injected with platelet-rich plasma, had a more favorable course than in animals that did not use the corrector. The wound area was reduced by 23.57 % (p = 0.654) than in rats with chronic hyperglycemia without correction and by 65.29 % (p = 0.857) larger than in the control group. It was shown that in animals with impaired carbohydrate metabolism, which received platelet-rich plasma, the beginning of the formation of the reticular and papillary layers dermis was observed. Conclusion. The vascular density of the microvasculature in animals with chronic hyperglycemia, which was injected with the corrector, was 22.89 % more (p = 0.246) than in animals simulated with chronic hyperglycemia without a corrector, but 15.69 % (p = 0.066) less than the control value
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