This study estimated the adequacy of state substance abuse treatment rates relative to treatment needs. The investigators created composite drug and alcohol treatment need indexes from explicit-mention mortality and substance-defined arrest rates. The indexes were reliable and had evidence of construct validity, but alternative population-at-risk and survey-based need measures did not fair as well. States varied substantially in per capita alcohol and drug treatment needs, although the two did not correlate with each other. While the need indexes correlated significantly with state treatment rates, the adequacy of state treatment rates varied greatly. States with the largest treatment gaps were in the South, Southwest, and northern plains and mountain regions. The failure of the Block Grant formula to reflect the needs of rural states with high-risk minority populations may contribute to disparities in access to services.
Electron spins in semiconductor quantum dots are promising candidates for the experimental realization of solid-state qubits. We analyze the dynamics of a system of three qubits arranged in a linear geometry and a system of four qubits arranged in a square geometry. Calculations are performed for several quantum dot confining potentials. In the three-qubit case, three-body effects are identified that have an important quantitative influence upon quantum computation. In the four-qubit case, the full Hamiltonian is found to include both three-body and four-body interactions that significantly influence the dynamics in physically relevant parameter regimes. We consider the implications of these results for the encoded universality paradigm applied to the four-electron qubit code; in particular, we consider what is required to circumvent the four-body effects in an encoded system (four spins per encoded qubit) by the appropriate tuning of experimental parameters.
This study estimated the adequacy of state substance abuse treatment rates relative to treatment needs. The investigators created composite drug and alcohol treatment need indexes from explicit-mention mortality and substance-defined arrest rates. The indexes were reliable and had evidence of construct validity, but alternative population-at-risk and survey-based need measures did not fair as well. States varied substantially in per capita alcohol and drug treatment needs, although the two did not correlate with each other. While the need indexes correlated significantly with state treatment rates, the adequacy of state treatment rates varied greatly. States with the largest treatment gaps were in the South, Southwest, and northern plains and mountain regions. The failure of the Block Grant formula to reflect the needs of rural states with high-risk minority populations may contribute to disparities in access to services.
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