Non-insulin-dependent diabetes or type II diabetes is prevalent around the world. A high-fat diet and chronic inactivity are often responsible for this chronic ailment. However, it is suspected that a high level of stress can also exacerbate diabetes. High anxiety can result in the release of sympathetic hormones that can elevate both cortisol and glucose levels, decrease insulin release, or affect the sensitivity and resistant of the insulin hormone. We have analyzed three research articles to see how stress and anxiety can affect non-insulin-dependent diabetes. In the first article, we selected participants with type II diabetes and injected them with saline or norepinephrine. The results indicated that participants with norepinephrine had experienced a decrease in glucose disposal and reduction in insulin secretion rate. Our second article utilizes African-American adults with type II diabetes. We provide them with a survey to determine how stress, anxiety, and depression can affect adherence to lifestyle modifications such as exercise and eating a proper diet. We find that subjects with higher stress levels tend to have lower compliance with their lifestyle regimes. Our third article focuses on female participants and divides them into two categories which are high chronic stress (HCS) and low chronic stress (LCS). We use an MRI to observe their brain activity while they stare at a picture of high-caloric type food. Our results indicate that there are different responses in various brain structure activities between subjects with HCS and LCS group. With these analyses, it can improve on the way healthcare providers can consult with their patients who have exacerbated type II diabetes despite proper medication and lifestyle modification.
Many endocrinopathies have been increasingly affecting females of reproductive age. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hypothyroidism are some of the most common endocrinopathies seen in females. The aim of this study is to find a relationship between the incidence of thyroiditis in polycystic ovarian syndrome patients. Literature review search was conducted via a series of systematic searches using multiple databases which lead to cross-referencing of articles within assigned criteria. Our study resulted in a review of 42 articles pertaining to our study. In this literature review article, factors were identified associating PCOS with thyroiditis. A viable relationship was found between the incidence of PCOS and thyroiditis. The combination of factors seen in this study proposes that clinicians may need to focus on certain markers regarding the screening of the incidence of thyroiditis. We also recommend future cohort studies to be conducted to further confirm the associations identified in this article.
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