MC is a common disease process. Female gender, increased age, and the use of PPIs and SSRIs are associated with a significantly increased risk of developing MC. Further work is needed to evaluate reported data from developing countries and to elucidate the biologic mechanisms behind the risk factors for MC.

Radiologists must remain vigilant for this rare occurrence, especially in patients with new pain in an area of known bone infarction.

This study demonstrates a high false-positive rate (94%) when the PSV is in the mid-main renal artery. We suspect this pattern is due to the tortuous mid-main renal artery causing falsely elevated velocities that meet criteria for RAS. Fibromuscular dysplasia may also produce the same pattern and should be distinguished from vessel tortuosity. If the false-positive rate of Doppler ultrasound can be decreased, fewer patients will be subjected to an unnecessary follow-up study and possibly invasive procedures.

Magnetic resonance (MR) images of the scrotum were obtained at 1.5 T in 20 subjects, 13 patients with intrascrotal pathologic conditions and seven healthy subjects. Characteristic MR imaging signals obtained on T1- and T2-weighted images allowed differentiation of testis from epididymis and spermatic cord. Masses were differentiated from normal testicular parenchyma in all cases. Atrophic or ischemic testes had lower signal intensity than normal testes on T2-weighted images. Hematoma displayed a characteristic high intensity on both T1- and T2-weighted images. Intratesticular and extratesticular pathologic conditions were readily differentiated. These results suggest that MR imaging is useful in the diagnosis of scrotal and testicular abnormalities.

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