In Mexico, income and European appearance are strongly positively correlated. Racist attitudes, overt preference for the European appearance and high unemployment combine to maintain this racial economic hierarchy. Free market policies could help to reduce the racial economic inequality. These policies, however, go against the economic interests of the wealthy white oligarchy and against the prevailing political ideology of the dark skinned lower classes. Thus, the current racial economic inequality, with its negative economic consequences, is likely to continue.

Correlation coefficients between inflation and openness were estimated, with data from 1996 to 2010, for Bulgaria, the Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania and Ukraine. Eight of the nine coefficients were, as proposed by macroeconomics, negative, although the coefficients for Bulgaria, Estonia, Latvia and Ukraine were not significant. Lithuania's positive and significant coefficient suggested that if openness would not have increased, inflation would have been higher. Cross-country coefficients estimated for 1996, 2000, 2005 and 2010 were negative but not significant due to large differences between the inflation rates of countries that had very similar rates of openness.

Between 2001 and 2010, U.S. trade in goods with Latin America grew at an unprecedented 7.04% per year. However, during these years, mostly as a consequence of the rapid growth of trade between China and Latin America, the relative importance of the U.S. as a trading partner of Latin America declined significantly. Projections indicate that, although trade between the U.S. and Latin America will grow, this decline is very likely to continue, thereby contributing to the erosion of U.S. influence on this region of the world.

In its first seven years the North American Free Trade Agreement, NAFTA, has generated growth and stability for the Mexican economy. As a result of this success, the demand for academically trained managers increased and enrollment in MBA programs almost quadrupled. Despite this remarkable growth in enrollment, the total student population in MBA programs is relatively small and their academic standards are rather low. It is expected, however, that as NAFTA and other similar treaties continue modernizing Mexicos economy, the academic standards will rise and enrollment will be in proportion to the size of the economy.

Since the mid nineteen nineties most Latin