AimAs communication skills are essential for medical practice, many medical schools have added communication skills training to their curricula in recent years. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the attitudes to communication skills of family medicine, internal medicine and general surgery residents.Materials and methodsFamily medicine, internal medicine and general surgery residents of three training and research hospitals and one university hospital in Ankara were included in this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire was used for obtaining information about age, gender, marital status, graduation date and whether receiving any training for communication skills. The Turkish version of the Communication Skills Attitude Scale was used.ResultsIn all, 58 (50%) family medicine, 30 (25.9%) internal medicine, and 28 (24.1%) general surgery residents were accepted to participate in the study. Of the 116 residents, 58 (50%) were female and 58 (50%) were male, with a mean age of 29.47±4.63 years, and 68 (58.6%) of them were married; 59.5% of the participants received training about communication skills and 56.5% of them received it at medical school. The mean positive attitude scale (PAS) score was 3.85±0.58, and the mean negative attitude scale (NAS) score was 2.42±0.52. The PAS scores of female residents were higher than those of males (P=0.01). The PAS scores of residents who received communication skills training were higher than the scores of those who had not (P=0.01). The PAS scores of family medicine residents were higher and the NAS scores were lower than those of internal medicine and general surgery residents.ConclusionThe communication skill attitudes of family medicine residents were better than those of internal medicine and general surgery residents.
Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a multiorgan disorder affecting mainly the skin, the eyes, and the cardiovascular system. A 51-year-old woman was admitted to our clinic complaining of weakness and swelling of her legs for the past two years. She had a proteinuria of 7.29 g/24 h. Renal biopsy was performed, and the histological diagnosis was membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis. Four weeks later, she was admitted to the hospital due to pain in her left hand and necrosis in the fourth and fifth fingertips of the left hand. A skin biopsy was performed from the forearm and was reported as PXE. Herein, we present a case of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis accompanying PXE.
II. V. eava inferior.Naeh Epstein: An der etwa 2 em zentralwiirts yon dem Abgange der V. renalis gelegenen Stelle ist die Intima sehr dtinn, besteht aus einem einsehichtigen Endothel, unter welehem eine zarte, kontinuierliehe, elastisehe Membran sieh befindet. Aueh die Media ist sehr schwaeh entwickelt, sie ist ~iuBerst arm an Muskelfasern und zeigt als Hauptbestandteile fibrill~ires Bindegewebe und m~iBig zahlreiehe elastisehe Fasern. Die zirkul~ir gestellten Muskelfasern liegen teils einzeln zerstreut, teils sind sie in sehr sehwaehe B~indel, die nur wenige Zellen umfassen, gruppiert. Die Adventitia, verh~ltnismagig sehr stark (dreimal so breit als die Media oder noeh breiter), ist in drei Schiehten zerlegbar. Die innerste, der Media angrenzende Sehieht besteht aus fibrill~rem Bindegewebe, dessen Faserbt'mdel sehr breit sind und lebhaft gl~inzen. Zugleieh finden sich hier einzelne elastisehe Fasern und zahlreiehe l~ngsgeriehtete Muskelbtindel, deren Quersehnitt 5 bis 20 Zellen umfaBt. Die mittlere Sehicht der Adventitia zeiehnet sieh atis dureh m~iehtige, gleiehfalls parallel der Gef~iBaehse verlaufende Muskelfaserbtindel.Zwischen den Muskelfasern sind einzelne, feinste, elastisehe Fasern, w~ihrend die dicken Bindegewebsbtindel, welche die Muskelztige umgeben, mit etwas st~irkeren elastisehen Elementen vermengt sind. Die ~iugere Schicht besteht der Hauptsaehe nach aus welligen Bindegewebsfibrilleubtindeln (Muskelbtindel fehlen vollstttndig).Die Vasa vasorum finden sich in Gestalt yon Kapillaren in der Media und den beiden inneren Sehichten der Adventitia. Die ~iuBere Schieht der Adventitia enth~ilt dagegen die etwas gr~beren arteriellen und ven6sen St~immchen.An meinen Pr~paraten ist das Verhalten der Media tiuBerst variabel, in einem und demselben Pr~iparat fin@ ieh hier relativ starke Entwicklung, da vollst~indiges Fehlen derselben. L/ingsverlaufende Muskelfasern in der Adventitia sind stark und relativ konstant. Aber an den Priiparaten, welche yon der V. cava inf. oberhalb der Einmiindungsstelle der V. hepatica stammen, ist das Verhalten dieser Muskeln aueh sehr verschieden. In einem Pr~tparat sind sie relativ stark entwiekelt, in einem zweiten teilweise stark, teilweise ganz schwaeh, und in einem dritten fehlen sie ganz. Diese Variabilit~t besteht aueh bei ein und derselben Leiche, je naeh~den Stellen der Stt~eke.
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