Reflecting on the 140th anniversary of the Fourteenth Amendment (ratified July, 1868), this qualitative case study described a response by educator-activist Tony Stewart to the Aryan Nations, a neo-Nazi hate group that attempted to intimidate Stewart’s community, Coeur d’ Alene, Idaho, between 1972-2000. Stewart galvanized community response using a social justice agenda. We interviewed Stewart and essential community members, and examined legal documents, articles, and documentaries. Findings indicated Stewart’s leadership of public education and response via an anti-racism task force reduced and then defeated the group’s viability. Educational practices included strategic planning and community outreach. The study revealed a social justice response to hate groups that educators and community leaders potentially can replicate in similar situations. This article was originally published in the Journal of Ethnographic and Qualitative Research, 3(4), pp. 205-217.
Reflecting on the 90th anniversary of the Nineteenth Amendment (ratified August, 1920), this narrative inquiry explored its significance to women in leadership positions residing in Idaho. Idaho's status as a forerunner approving suffrage underscored the foundation for the study. The researchers also wanted to investigate whether women have reached equal citizenship in aspects other than the right to vote. Findings indicate that the Nineteenth Amendment was pivotal in not only giving women a voice in governmental decisions, but also paved the way for other political and social breakthroughs. However, few participants linked passage of the Amendment with their rise to leadership. In some instances, full equality has not been achieved and gender discrimination still occurs, primarily when seeking leadership positions
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