We use data on all Wisconsin municipalities during the period [1990][1991][1992][1993][1994][1995][1996][1997][1998][1999][2000][2001][2002][2003] to study the effect of tax increment finance (TIF) on economic development. We use appropriate statistical techniques to measure the impact of TIF and control variables on aggregate property values. We also examine the possibility communities that use TIF are self-selected. We find little evidence that TIF has led to significant increases in aggregate property values or that TIF increases the total value of residential and manufacturing property within a community. Surprisingly, we find positive impacts for commercial TIF districts."Economic development," however defined, is one of the central tasks of local government in the United States. With a mobile citizenry, government may most effectively promote growth by efficiently providing the desired level and mix of public services and by enacting policies to enhance real estate within its borders. Local governments around the country have used an indirect tool called "tax increment finance" (TIF) as a major mechanism to promote real estate development.While the details differ over time and across states, the establishment of a TIF district always begins with the specification of a set of geographical boundaries that delineate the TIF area. TIF districts vary in size but are generally only a small fraction of any particular municipality. The cumulative impact of TIF on real estate markets, particularly non-residential real estate markets can be very important, because a large fraction of new development is sometimes located in TIF districts. Once TIF district boundaries are established, aggregate property tax assessments in the area determine the "base" value of the TIF district. The TIF increment at any particular time is the total value of property tax assessments within the borders of the TIF district minus the base value. Real estate parcels within the TIF district continue to pay property taxes on
"This study conducts a cross-sectional analysis of 175 depository institutions, assessing the impact on the interest rates charged on loan products and offered on savings products by the size of the institution, its liquidity, its net worth, its tax and salary payments, and its status as a for-profit institution, a credit union (CU), or a converted CU. We find that banks and converted CUs have interest rates significantly less favorable for consumers than CUs, suggesting that a CU converting will result in adverse interest rate movements for its customers. "("JEL "621, L3) Copyright 2007 Western Economic Association International.
This paper analyzes whether minority-owned banks pass along an advantage in access to governmental deposits to the communities they serve in the form of higher interest rates paid on certificates of deposit (CDs). Although academic evidence has not confirmed increased profitability or efficiency of these banks since the creation of the Minority Bank Deposit Program, their unique positioning within communities may allow them to meet the needs of a clientele with lower and less stable income, and with higher than average expected future deposit withdrawals. Data from the regulatory reports provided by minority and non-minority owned banks are analyzed using five distinct time horizons for CDs. The results suggest that Black-owned banks consistently pay higher interest rates on CDs, with a lower premium for longer-term CDs, and used the premium to cushion the ill effects of the recent financial collapse on their customers. Asian-owned banks provide a smaller premium for short-term CDs, while the remaining category of minority-owned banks, including Native American, Hispanic, and Women-owned banks, also paid a premium on CDs, but shrank that premium substantially following the financial collapse. Note also that minority-owned banks may use this funding advantage in a variety of other ways to serve their respecitive communities.
In the course of a calendar year, the University of Wisconsin-Whitewater conducts a wide variety of camps and clinics on its campus. The idea of tourism as an economic development tool is a well-established research track and the retention and attraction of ‘engines of economic growth’ is a key topic in the field of economic development. This paper uses input–output analysis to estimate the economic value of these camps. While there is limited research directly in the area of the economic impact of organized camps, there is a relationship between this research and the literature that uses input–output analysis to evaluate the economic impacts from tourism.
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