Six tetranuclear rectangular metallacycles were synthesized via the [2+2] coordination-driven self-assembly of imidazole-based ditopic donor 1,4-bis(imidazole-1-yl)benzene and 1,3-bis(imidazol-1-yl)benzene, with dinuclear half-sandwichp-cymene ruthenium(II) acceptors [Ru2(µ-η4-oxalato)(η6-p-cymene)2](SO3CF3)2, [Ru2(µ-η4-2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzoquinonato)(η6-p-cymene)2](SO3CF3)2and [Ru2(µ-η4-5,8-dioxido-1,4-naphtoquinonato)(η6-p-cymene)2](SO3CF3)2, respectively. Likewise, three hexanuclear trigonal prismatic metallacages were prepared via the [2+3] self-assembly of tritopic donor of 1,3,5-tri(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene with these ruthenium(II) acceptors respectively. Self-selection of the single symmetrical and stable metallacycle and cage was observed although there is the possibility of forming different conformational isomeric products due to different binding modes of these imidazole-based donors. The self-assembled macrocycles and cage containing the 5,8-dioxido-1,4-naphtoquinonato (donq) spacer exhibited good anticancer activity on all tested cancer cell lines (HCT-116, MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, HeLa, A549, and HepG-2), and showed decreased cytotoxicities in HBE and THLE-2 normal cells. The effect of Ru and imidazole moiety of these assemblies on the anticancer activity was discussed. The study of binding ability of these donq-based Ru assemblies with ctDNA indicated that the complex 9 with 180° linear 1 ligand has the highest bonding constantKbto ctDNA.
Background The potassium dichromate oxidation method used in determination of alcohols in fermentation has two major disadvantages. This method cannot be used to determine alcohols in raw fermentation broth samples, which often contain various reducing sugars. The method is not environment friendly due to the carcinogenicity of Cr (VI) used. Results A new method for determination of reducing sugars and total alcohols in raw fermentation broths was developed. The fermentation broth was pretreated to remove proteins, polysaccharides, glycerol and organic acids. The colorimetric change from both total alcohols and reducing sugars by potassium permanganate oxidation was measured. The portion of colorimetric change from oxidation of reducing sugars was determined by DNS test and subtracted. The remaining portion of colorimetric change was then used to calculate the total alcohol concentration in the sample. Conclusions Using this method, total alcohol concentration can be easily and accurately determined in both distilled samples and raw fermentation broth samples. It is fast and environmental friendly.
A new chlorinated 11-noreremophilane-type sesquiterpene (1) together with 3-epiisopetasol, PR-amide and mycophenolic acid (2–4) were isolated from endophytic fungus Penicillium citreonigrum. The structures of 1–4 were elucidated by a combination of spectroscopic data and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Among them, compounds 1 and 4 showed moderate antioxidant capacities compared with ascorbic acid at 0.2 mM concentration.
This study aimed to investigate the anti-tumor effects of compound 34 on MCF-7 cells in vitro, and explore its mechanisms. MTT results showed that compound 34 selectively inhibited estrogen receptor-positive cells proliferation. Hoechst 33342 staining showed nuclear pyknosis, nuclear debris associated with apoptotic bodies. JC-1 staining showed the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Although compound 34 increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), compound 34-induced apoptosis was not prevented by pretreatment with ROS scavengers. Western blotting showed apoptosis-related protein like cytochrome c and cleaved PARP protein increased. Furthermore, docking studies exhibited that compound 34 could bind into ERα. In summary, compound 34 selectively inhibited estrogen receptor positive cells proliferation and induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells via ROS-independent intrinsic apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. It may be a potential targeted drug of estrogen receptor for therapeutic application of breast cancer. Video Clip of Methodology: Assay of Cell Proliferation: 5 min 5 sec Full Screen Alternate
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