Microencapsulation is the process by which any active substances are coated with the help of very small capsules. The size of the capsules can range from one micron to several hundred micron values. The usage of these capsules is not limited to any field; it plays important role in many industries related to pharmaceutical, biotechnology, food industries and in research applications as well. With the help of this latest technology encapsulation of vitamins, minerals, phytochemicals, flavors, omega-3 fatty acids, micro-organisms, enzymes, oils, peptides, protein hydrolysate, antioxidants and polyphenols is possible and there are many factors that play a vital role in the efficiency of microcapsules such as the concentration of polymer, rate of solvent removal, solubility of polymer insolvent, etc. microencapsulation can be done in many ways such as; spray drying, extrusion, lyophilization, coacervation, spray cooling, fluidized bed coating, co-crystallization and inclusion complexation. The article is a review of microencapsulation technology and lays emphasis on various substances that can be encapsulated with the help of this technique and different types of microencapsulation.
Obesity, as defined by WHO is an abnormal or excessive fat accumulation that may impair health. is directly proportional to the resultant impact of genetic, metabolic, environment, and culture issues. The leading cause of obesity is an energy imbalance between calories consumed and calories exhausted. To design and optimize SNEDDS formulation by the development of SNEDDS with an appropriate quantity of oil, and with the factorial approach. A series of SNEDDS formulations for was prepared based on solubility studies, pseudo ternary phase diagram and visual observation. was added inaccurately weighed amount of oil into a screw-capped glass vial and heated in a water bath at 40ºC. The and were added to the oily mixture and stirred with a magnetic bar. The formulation was further for 15 minutes and stored at room temperature. From the result of evaluation parameters such as emulsification time 6±1s, % transmittance 94.01±1.5%, drug Loading 99.89%±0.56%, Index 0.47±0.01 and 0.211±0.02, Globulesize99±6 nm, Zeta potential -28.12 and -24.5 , The , Freeze-thaw cycle, Heating-cooling cycle showed no signs of phase separation, Viscosity 132.4±0m Pa.s, drug release 99.25% within 90 minutes, drug release follows Korsmeyer-Peppas model mechanism, n value was found to be1.083 hence it can be postulated formulation F-6 followed the or anomalous release and P-value for factors emulsification time, % transmittance and % drug release was found less than 0.0500 and hence it was concluded formulation F-6 an optimized formulation.
Background: Cancer, a group of diseases, is a leading cause of death after heart disease. Many chemotherapies are available to treat cancer; however, several natural substances have been found to be effective for treating cancer, and flavonoids are one of them. Objective: Flavonoids are naturally occurring polyphenolic compounds with no or minimal toxicity, and have been utilized by people since ancient times. They produce several special therapeutic effects, such as anti-inflammatory, immune response modulating, and antioxidant effects, thereby supporting normal cellular functions. Flavonoids can be classified into six major subtypes or groups based on the degree of oxidation, chemical structure, and unsaturation in the linking chain. These are isoflavonoids, flavanones, flavanols, flavonols, flavones and anthocyanidins. Method: A literature search was conducted in Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Springer, and Medline databases, for studies on flavonoids as anti-cancer agents. Results: The enhanced generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the electron transport chain due to oxidative stress leads to inflammation, the development of many degenerative diseases, cancer, etc. Flavonoids help to relieve oxidative stress by regulating ROS homeostasis (scavenging ROS), triggering apoptotic pathways, and exerting a potent pro-oxidant effect (suppression of pro-oxidant enzymes) in cancerous cells (activation of antioxidant enzymes). Conclusion: In this review article, we have discussed the structure and classification of flavonoids along with their mechanism of action as anticancer agents and the challenges faced in developing flavonoids as anticancer agents.
Most antihypertensive drugs have impaired dissolution rate and result from poorly aqueous solubility, polymorphic modifications, structure-based H-bond donor or acceptor anamolies. These physical attributes would have detrimental effects and may cause an entity out of the race from efficacious candidates. Nevertheless, compliance with the dissolution rate must be fulfilled under the regulatory mandate and serve as an assessment tool for product performance. The present reviews the niche technologies like electrospinning, spraying, or mesoporous methods that led to the generation of more dissolvable antihypertensives. Several drug delivery systems design allows the incorporation of surfactants, microenvironment dissolution rate modifiers, acidifiers that could improve the dissolution rate of antihypertensives are reviewed.
A basic and specific HPLC-PDA (high-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array) detector showing approach was created for the simultaneous estimation of anti-hypertensive medications—amlodipine besylate (AMD) and lisinopril (LIS). A successful chromatography method was developed using the SunFire C8 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution of the mobile phase composed of 85:25 potassium dihydrogen phosphate in water and methanol at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min. The wavelength was set at 212 nm for the simultaneous estimation of AMD and LIS. The retention time obtained was 5.1 and 10.5 minutes for AMD and LIS, respectively. Descriptive performance of the proposed HPLC methodology was measurably approved as for framework accuracy, linearity, robustness, specificity, precision, and forced degradation for identification and evaluation limits. The linearity range for AMD and LIS correlation coefficient value obtained was R2 andgt; 0.999. The drugs were exposed to forced degradation conditions—acidic, alkali, oxidation, etc. The newly developed reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was applied for the detection of the referred to anti-hypertensive medications in their combination pharmaceutical tablets.
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