Background: The species Lantana camera is an important medicinal, ornamental, as well as essential oil-producing herb from the family Verbenaceae. It is also known as red sage and is used as a popular ornamental plant in gardens. L. camara grows in tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions at a high altitude up to 2000 m. In India, L. camera is considered a poisonous plant and included in the top ten invasive weeds. Invasive weeds are nothing but a species that is not native to the ecosystem under consideration and whose introduction causes economic or environmental harm or human harm. Due to its invasive nature, L. camera is lagging behind in the list of medicinal plants for their uses in drug preparation. However, it is listed as one of the most significant medicinal plants in the world. The plant extracts have been used in folk medicine for the treatment of cancers, chicken pox, measles, asthma, ulcers, swellings, eczema, tumors, high blood pressure, bilious fevers, and catarrhal infections, tetanus, rheumatism and malaria. Despite significant ethnomedicinal properties of L. camera few investigations have been carried out in respect of the Pharmacognostic standardization of complete plant. The work performed related to Pharmacognostic study so far is not sufficient. Therefore, the main objective of the present review is to create awareness about L. camera as one of the useful weeds in society by studying it from a pharmacognosy point of view. Results: With respect to the above, the present work deals with the Pharmacognostic and phytochemical studies of leaves, stems and fruits of L. camera. The details study of Macroscopy, Microscopy, physicochemical and phytochemical parameters demonstrated the various diagnostic features of L. camera. Conclusions: The overall outcome of the macroscopical, microscopical, physicochemical and phytochemical study will be helpful in the correct identification and establishment of standardization parameters for the leaves, stem and fruits of medicinally important notorious weed.
Juniperus communis Lin is a fragrant evergreen plant of family Pinaceae; Cupressaceae. The aromatic shrub has great potential in treatment of human and animal diseases. The plant is great source of invert sugars, wax, gums, resins, flavonoids leucoanthocyanins, organic acids, aromatic oils, terpenic acids, alkaloids, tannins, lignins, catechin, etc. Berries of juniper or plant extract used as emmenogogue, sudorific, carminative, diuretic, urinary antiseptic, digestive, and anti-inflammatory. The experiments have demonstrated that the plant’s extract as well as essential oils from plant have antifungal, antiviral, antioxidant, and antibacterial activities. Recent studies uncovered the hypolipidemic and cytotoxic activities from Juniperus berries in experimental study. Recent study also shown the insect repellant and insecticidal activity. Thus, the plant or shrub is treasure of medicinal properties, of which some are discovered and some are undiscovered. There is need to study the plant for new activities that can aid in treating many chronic diseases.
The main objective of the present work is to evaluate the potential of Lantana camara (aculeata) for anti-arthritic activity using in vitro and in vivo study. L. camara is an important medicinal, ornamental, and essential oil-producing herb from family Verbenaceae. Different parts of L. camara have been used for the treatment of various human ailments such as itches, cuts, ulcers, swellings, bilious fever, eczema, tetanus, malaria, tumor, rheumatism, and headache. The anti-arthritic activities of pet ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and aqueous extracts of L. camara were initially evaluated using in vitro model of arthritis. The ethanolic and aqueous extracts were found to be better among all the extract in in vitro study and hence subjected for further in vivo anti-arthritic study using complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) model in rats for 28 days. Both the extracts at 200 and 400 mg/kg were evaluated in rats for different parameters. The paw volume displacement, changes in body weight, arthritic index, alteration in serum biomarker, alteration in hematological parameters, secondary lesions changes as noticed from the radiograph, and histopathology study were measured as a mark of antiarthritic activity. The results indicate that L. camara protects rats remarkably against the primary and secondary arthritic lesions, body weight changes, serum biomarker changes, radiological, histopathological, and hematological perturbations induced by CFA in dose-dependent manner. However, the effect of the ethanolic extract at the dose of 400 mg/kg was more significant, superior, and pronounced than aqueous extract and also it is comparable to the standard drug.
A total of 164,103 dengue cases were recorded in 2021, compared to 205,243 cases in 2019. Since 2008, the case fatality rate has been fewer than 1%. The administration had reviewed the country’s worrisome dengue condition. Dengue cases have all surged dramatically around the world. One among the best way to avoid the bite of mosquito is to use repellents. The previous papers have primarily relied on herbal repellents or synthetic, formulation methods and thud has been unable to compile it in single paper with global forecast and recent products available in market. So, I tried to compile all this matter in this paper. In this review, a survey plants that have a repelling effect, synthetic agents (chemicals with insect repellent), a review of formulation trends, and a global forecast market and products available in the market were conducted.
Buchanania lanzan spreng commonly known as Char, Charoli is a tree 12-15 mt high, with straight trunk, belonging to family from Anacardiaceae. An herb known as priyal is a drug of the ayurveda and the unani system of medicine. It is known as chironji (or charoli). Buchanania lanzan plant has well-known traditional uses in ayurveda and unani system of medicine; almost all parts of the plant i.e. roots, rhizome, leaves, fruits, seeds and gum are used for the treatment of various disorders. The gum oozed from the cut-bark is used internally for treatment of intercostals pain and diarrhoea. The gum is mixed with goat`s milk for effective and curative results in intercostals pains, being analgesic. Some tribal communities of Andhra Pradesh consume a blend of the gum dissolved in cow`s milk for treating rheumatic pains. The ethnomedical use of plant in arthritis is evaluated using in vitro and in vivo (CFA induced) models. Among the pet ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and aqueous extracts, ethanolic and aqueous extract found to exert better effect against arthritis in in-vitro models and hence only these 2 extracts at their high and low dose were evaluated for in vivo models of arthritis induced by CFA.
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