Research on foreign language anxiety and foreign language enjoyment are reviewed, including those investigating the effect of foreign language anxiety and foreign language enjoyment on foreign language performances, those exploring the interrelations among foreign language anxiety, foreign language enjoyment and other learner variables, and those focusing on foreign language anxiety in specific linguistic skills. Foreign language enjoyment in specific linguistic skills needs further empirical investigation and a longitudinal perspective is warranted in further foreign language anxiety and foreign language enjoyment research.
English is now widely used as a lingua franca in international communication. Communication is a collaboration of all its participants. Although mutual understanding is commonly assumed during interaction, miscommunication is inevitable. ELF communication, with its interactants from diversified lingua-cultural backgrounds, is assumed to be susceptible to communication breakdowns. To verify this assumption, some empirical studies on ELF miscommunication are reviewed. It is found that miscommunication is infrequent in ELF communication and ELF interactants proactively employ communication strategies to preempt and repair understanding problems to ensure mutual understanding.
Herein we report the synthesis of 2,4-disubstituted pyrimidines through Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling by utilizing the readily available and bench-stable pyrimidinyl sulfones as electrophiles. In this approach, the C-sulfone bond is cleaved...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.