Since the first observation of lasing action in ruby by Maiman in 1960, [1] a large number of laser media have been discovered. Much work has been devoted to high-energy and high-average-power lasers for many different applications, such as laser fusion, national defense, materials processing, and different areas of scientific research.[2] High-energy Nd laser systems with an output wavelength of around 1060 nm have been used in laser inertia-confined nuclear experiments and show promise as a potential energy source. Nd III -containing solid laser media, such as oxides, fluorides, phosphates, and mixed glass matrices, have been extensively investigated.[3] The laser medium needs to be able to withstand the high thermal shock caused by intense excitation. However, most Nd laser glass media are plagued by the intrinsic problem of heat degradation under conditions of high-energy laser emission at high repetition rates.[4] While high repetition rates are necessary to obtain high-average-power outputs, it is almost impossible to efficiently remove excess heat from the bulk of the solid-state laser materials because of their poor heat conductivity. As a result, the solid media are easily damaged. Thus, Nd III -containing liquid laser media have been contemplated since liquids can be cooled more efficiently.Practical applications require that such liquid media must fulfill the following conditions: i) must be transparent and stable, ii) should contain a strongly luminescent Nd III
In situ high-pressure angle dispersive x-ray diffraction experiments using synchrotron radiation on inverse spinel structure Zn2SnO4 nanowires were carried out with a diamond anvil cell at room temperature. The crystal symmetry becomes lower at around 12.9 GPa and an intermediate phase with an orthorhombic structure occurs. At about 32.7 GPa, a phase transition occurs accompanying a high-pressure phase. In situ Raman scattering investigation was also performed to explore the phase transition. In the pressure range 15.5–32.8 GPa, the intermediate phase is also detected and a high-pressure phase is observed above 32.8 GPa. The high-pressure phase is considered to possess the ambient pressure structure of CaFe2O4.
Fiber gas sensing techniques have been applied for a wide range of industrial applications. In this paper, the basic fiber gas sensing principles and the development of different fibers have been introduced. In various specialty fibers, hollow-core photonic crystal fibers (HC-PCFs) can overcome the fundamental limits of solid fibers and have attracted intense interest recently. Here, we focus on the review of HC-PCF gas sensing, including the light-guiding mechanisms of HC-PCFs, various sensing configurations, microfabrication approaches, and recent research advances including the mid-infrared gas sensors via hollow core anti-resonant fibers. This review gives a detailed and deep understanding of HC-PCF gas sensors and will promote more practical applications of HC-PCFs in the near future.
InAs nanowires with diameters of 7-70 nm and lengths of up to several micrometres were synthesized by a new modified solvothermal method. The x-ray diffraction pattern showed that the InAs nanowires that were prepared had zinc blende and wurtzite structures. A combination of concentration-driven and ligand-aided solution-solid (LSS) growth mechanisms was used to explain the morphology evolution of the InAs nanowires. The preparation method features a low temperature (120-180 degrees C) and economical mass-production and is free of catalyst nanoparticles. It was believed that we have explored a promising path towards the synthesis of other morphology-controllable one-dimensional (1D) III-V group nano-materials. The structural stability of InAs nanowires during annealing was also studied.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.