IntroductionIsthmin-1 (Ism-1), as a novel adipokine, plays a role in glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. However, the relationship between Ism-1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the association of serum Ism-1 levels with albuminuria and insulin resistance in patients with T2DM and preserved renal function.Research design and methodsA total of 150 patients with T2DM were recruited. The presence of albuminuria was evaluated by urinary albumin:creatinine ratio (UACR) in first morning urine sample. Serum Ism-1 levels were tested by ELISA. Homeostasis model assessments were used to evaluate insulin resistance. Binary logistic regression and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to assess the association of serum Ism-1 levels with albuminuria. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to explore the correlation of serum Ism-1 levels with insulin resistance.ResultsCompared with the normal-albuminuria and microalbuminuria groups, serum Ism-1 levels were significantly higher in the macroalbuminuria group (p<0.01). Binary logistic regression analyses showed that serum Ism-1 was positively associated with odds of albuminuria even after multiple adjustments (OR=4.766, p=0.013). Serum Ism-1 was positively associated with log10-transformed UACR (β=0.625, p<0.001). However, the associations between serum Ism-1 levels and insulin resistance were not observed in patients with T2DM.ConclusionsSerum Ism-1 levels were positively and independently correlated with the severity of albuminuria in patients with T2DM but not with insulin resistance.
A novel numerical modeling approach capable of computing and simulating the Flap Shot Peening (FSP) dynamic process of industrial interest was proposed by the coupling of the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and Finite Element Method (FEM). During the process of shots impacting the metallic target, the shot flow and the target were respectively modeled by DEM and FEM, and the interaction between the shots and structure was efficiently evaluated by DEM-FEM. This approach can be employed to rationally control and regulate the FSP multiple parameters, which would induce an appropriate distribution of Compressive Residual Stress (CRS) within the target to provide additional resistance to the treated component. In this paper, a benchmark was first performed to verify the computational method successfully. Further, the influence of variant mass flow rates on the target was also investigated. The result shows that low mass flow rates can be replaced by a higher mass flow rate in case both were able to generate a similar shot effect.
The mixed boundary problems for finite plates with one crack or two collinear cracks are studied. Complex stress functions that satisfy the equilibrium equations and compatibility conditions in the cracked plate as well as the stress condition on crack surfaces are presented. Four models, that is, a square plate with one crack or with two collinear cracks and an airfoil-shaped plate with one crack or with two collinear cracks, are established. The unknown coefficients of the complex stress functions are determined by using boundary collocation method (BCM). The effects of crack orientation, crack distance, and boundary condition on SIFs are investigated by combining with BCM, and the corresponding photoelastic experiments are conducted. The test results generally agree with the BCM calculation results.
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