Citrobacterfreundii (4t19, +Ill, and 4AII)) Enterobacter cloacae (Ent), and Shigella spp. (Sh) have been isolated from hospital sewage. These bacteriophages, in combination with Felix SalmoneUa phage 0-I, were used as a diagnostic phage typing set which included seven phage preparations: 0-I, C (+I and +III), Sh, E (E-1 and E-2), CE (+II and E-3), E-4, and Ent. After 20,280 cultures of 27 species and 9 biogroups of 15 genera of the family Enterobacteriaceae and 276 cultures of 8 species of 6 genera outside the Enterobacteriaceae were tested, it was shown that most strains of salmonellae, E. coil, C. freundii, and E. cloacae can be identified accurately. The sensitivities of identification were 83.6% for E. cloacae, 88.8% for C. freundii, 90.3% for E. coli, and 95.76% for salmonellae. The specificities were 99.78% for salmonellae, 99.84% for E. cloacae, 99.89% for E. coli, and 99.97% for C. freundii. The results of bacteriophage lytic patterns were highly correlated with ShigeUa serotypes. Therefore, such a phage typing set may be used routinely in public hygiene and clinical laboratories.

Background Osteochondromas, also known as exostoses, are the most common benign tumors of bone and can be classified into isolated and multiple osteochondromas. A great majority of osteochondromas is asymptomatic, painless, slow-growing mass, and incidentally found. However, osteochondromas occurring in adolescence or in adult patients can grow in size and become symptomatic as a result of mechanical irritation of the surrounding soft tissues or peripheral nerves, spinal cord compression, or vascular injury. Case presentation We present a case of a 13-year-old girl with spontaneous hemothorax, the cause of which was identified by limited thoracotomy with the aid of video-assisted thoracic surgery to be bleeding from a diaphragmatic laceration incurred by a costal exostosis on the left sixth rib. Preoperative chest computed tomography (CT) depicted a bony projection arising from the rib and bloody effusion in the intrathoracic cavity, but was unable to discern the bleeding cause from the lung or the diaphragm. This case will highlight our awareness that costal exostosis possibly results in bloody pleural effusion. Meanwhile, English literatures about solitary costal exostosis associated with hemothorax were searched in PubMed and nineteen case reports were obtained. Combined our present case with available literature, a comprehensive understanding of this rare disease entity will further be strengthened. Conclusions Injury to the diaphragm is the primary cause of hemothorax caused by costal osteochondroma, including the present case. Thoracic CT scan can help establish a diagnosis of preoperative diagnosis of costal osteochondroma. Surgical intervention should be considered for those patients with symptomatic osteochondroma of the rib. Combined with our case and literature, prophylactic surgical removal of intrathoracic exostosis should be advocated even in asymptomatic patients with the presentation of an inward bony spiculation.

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Background Behcet's disease is a form of systematic vasculitis that affects vessels of various sizes anywhere in the body. Aortic pseudoaneurysm is the most hazardous lesion in Behcet's disease and is associated with high mortality rate once rupture. Case presentation In this report, we presented a patient with a known history of Behcet's disease, whose recurrent aortic-arch pseudoaneurysm eroding into the left main bronchus was identified after a 4-year duration of thoracic endovascular aortic repair for thoracic descending aortic pseudoaneurysm ruptured into the left lung. Repeated thoracic endovascular aortic repair combined with the chimney stent effectively controlled massive hemoptysis under the life-threatening circumstance, and the patient was in good condition at the 7-year follow-up. Conclusions Thoracic endovascular aortic repair can be used as an effective and problem-solving treatment approach for thoracic aortic aneurysms eroded into the lung, even recurrent pseudoaneurysm after thoracic endovascular aortic repair in BD patients. Among the imaging methods assessing the technical success, outcome and complications, computed tomography angiography offers a fast, accessible and sensitive imaging modality.

Background: Neurofibromatosis type 1(NF1) is a hereditary neurocutaneous syndrome caused by the mutation in NF1 gene with a very low incidence. Neurofibroma, Café-au-lait spot and osseous deformity are the most common clinical findings, however, uncommon vascular involvement in NF1 is the second most common cause of mortality following after malignancy.Case presentation: We report a patient with NF1 who suffered a rupture of his internal thoracic artery aneurysm and subclavian artery branch aneurysm in the setting of an intact extracranial vertebral artery aneurysm, which was ever mistaken for neurofibroma and subsequently underwent right brachial plexus nerve bundle separation due to conspicuous pain of his right upper arm and hand.Conclusions: This case highlights synchronous multiple aneurysms of NF1 presenting with life-threatening aneurysm rupture after surgery. Contrast-enhanced CT precisely defines its location and anatomic relationship with adjacent organs. Additionally, endovascular treatment has become the mainstay for vascular lesions or aneurysm rupture in those patients with NF1.