Bone metastasis is a common complication of many types of advanced cancer, including breast cancer. Bone metastasis may cause severe pain, fractures, and hypercalcemia, rendering clinical management challenging and substantially reducing the quality of life and overall survival (OS) time of breast cancer patients. Studies have revealed that bone metastasis is related to interactions between tumor cells and the bone microenvironment, and involves complex molecular biological mechanisms, including colonization, osteolytic destruction, and an immunosuppressive bone microenvironment. Agents inhibiting bone metastasis (such as bisphosphate and denosumab) alleviate bone destruction and improve the quality of life of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis. However, the prognosis of these patients remains poor, and the specific biological mechanism of bone metastasis is incompletely understood. Additional basic and clinical studies are urgently needed, to further explore the mechanism of bone metastasis and develop new therapeutic drugs. This review presents a summary of the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic strategies of bone metastasis of breast cancer, aiming to improve the quality of life and prognosis of breast cancer patients and provide a reference for future research directions.
This study aims to evaluate the effects of managing cancer and living meaningfully (CALM) intervention on the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), fear of cancer recurrence, quality of life and general distress in lung cancer patients and to explore whether there is a correlation between the NLR, fear of cancer recurrence, general distress and quality of life. MethodsEighty lung cancer patients with clinical range scores (≥13 points) on the FCRI severity subscale were recruited and randomly assigned to the CALM group or usual care (UC). The NLR was recorded before and after treatment. The Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI), Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to evaluate patients at baseline (T0), immediately after treatment (T1), and at 2 (T2) and 4 (T3) months. ResultsCompared with the UC group, the NLR was signi cantly different before and after CALM intervention (z=-5.498; P=0.000). There were signi cant differences in the scores of QLQ, FCR and general distress (referring to depression and anxiety) before and after the T1, T2 and T3 interventions (F=220.30, F=315.20, F=290.10, respectively; P<0.001). The NLR in lung cancer patients was negatively correlated with QOL both before (r=-0.763; P<0.0001) and after the intervention (r=-0.810, P<0.0001). FCR and general distress were negatively correlated with the QOL scores in the CALM group (T0: r=-0.
Purpose This study aims to evaluate the effects of managing cancer and living meaningfully (CALM) intervention on the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), fear of cancer recurrence, quality of life and general distress in lung cancer patients and to explore whether there is a correlation between the NLR, fear of cancer recurrence, general distress and quality of life. Methods Eighty lung cancer patients with clinical range scores (≥13 points) on the FCRI severity subscale were recruited and randomly assigned to the CALM group or usual care (UC). The NLR was recorded before and after treatment. The Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory (FCRI), Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (QLQ-C30) and Depression-Anxiety-Stress Scale (DASS-21) were used to evaluate patients at baseline (T0), immediately after treatment (T1), and at 2 (T2) and 4 (T3) months. Results Compared with the UC group, the NLR was significantly different before and after CALM intervention (z=-5.498; P=0.000). There were significant differences in the scores of QLQ, FCR and general distress (referring to depression and anxiety) before and after the T1, T2 and T3 interventions (F=220.30, F=315.20, F=290.10, respectively; P<0.001). The NLR in lung cancer patients was negatively correlated with QOL both before (r=-0.763; P<0.0001) and after the intervention (r=-0.810, P<0.0001). FCR and general distress were negatively correlated with the QOL scores in the CALM group (T0: r=-0.726, r=-0.776, respectively; P<0.0001; T1: r=-0.664, r=-0.647, respectively; P<0.0001; T2: r=-0.678, r=-0.695, respectively; P < 0.0001; T3: r=-0.511, P = 0.0008; r=-0.650, P<0.0001). Conclusion The CALM intervention can effectively reduce the NLR, alleviate the recurrence fear and general distress symptoms and improve the quality of life in lung cancer patients. Meanwhile, the NLR, fear of cancer recurrence and general distress were negatively correlated with quality of life. This indicates that the NLR can be used as a marker of the efficacy of the CALM intervention.
Objective Despite numerous studies demonstrating the positive effects of psychological interventions on psychological resilience and quality of life in postoperative breast cancer patients, the specific contribution of perceived social support to these outcomes remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully (CALM) intervention on these outcomes and explore the potential mediating role of perceived social support. Methods A total of 124 adult breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG, n = 62) or the control group (CG, n = 62). Baseline and three follow-up assessments were conducted to measure psychological resilience, quality of life, anxiety, depression, and perceived social support. Data were analyzed using mixed linear models and structural equation modeling. Results A total of 124 adult breast cancer patients were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG, n = 62) or the control group (CG, n = 62). Baseline and three follow-up assessments were conducted to measure psychological resilience, quality of life, anxiety, depression, and perceived social support. Data were analyzed using mixed linear models and structural equation modeling. Conclusions The CALM intervention enhanced psychological resilience, quality of life, and perceived social support among postoperative breast cancer patients. The mediating role of perceived social support emphasizes its significance in promoting well-being. Integrating interventions such as CALM into standard care can contribute to overall well-being and satisfaction in post-mastectomy patients.
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