Electrolysis of seawater can not only desalinate seawater but also produce high-purity hydrogen. Nevertheless, the presence of chloride ions in seawater will cause electrode corrosion and also undergo a chlorine oxidation reaction (ClOR) that competes with the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Therefore, highly efficient and long-term stable electrocatalysts are needed in this field. In this work, an advanced bifunctional electrocatalyst based on NiFe layered double hydroxide (LDH)/FeOOH heterostructure nanosheets (NiFe LDH/FeOOH) was synthesized on nickel–iron foam (INF) via a simple electrodeposition method. The NiFe LDH/FeOOH electrode demonstrates excellent electrocatalytic activity and stability, which results from the strong interaction between FeOOH and NiFe LDH. Furthermore, ex situ X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and in situ Raman spectroscopy revealed the catalytic process and also demonstrated that the NiFe LDH/FeOOH heterostructure could facilitate the formation of active NiOOH species in the reaction. The obtained NiFe LDH/FeOOH catalyst displays low overpotentials of 181.8 mV at 10 mA·cm–2 for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and 286.2 mV at 100 mA·cm–2 for OER in the 1.0 M KOH + 0.5 M NaCl electrolyte. Furthermore, it also exhibits a low voltage of 1.55 V to achieve the current density of 10 mA·cm–2 and works steadily for 105 h at 100 mA·cm–2 for overall alkaline simulated seawater splitting. This work will afford a valid strategy for designing a non-noble metal catalyst for seawater splitting.
Hematite has been considered as a promising photoanode candidate for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water oxidation and attracted numerous interests in past decades. However, intrinsic drawbacks drastically lower its photocatalytic activity. Ti-based...
Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of Managing Cancer and Living Meaningfully based on VR (VR-CALM), which is used to manage expected symptoms of cancer itself, relieve psychological distress, and improve quality of life (QOL) in the Chinese breast cancer survivors (BCs). Methods. Ninety-eight patients with breast cancer were recruited in this study. These patients were randomly assigned to the VR-CALM group or the care as usual (CAU) group. All patients were evaluated by the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Breast cancer patient (FACT-B), Distress Thermometer (DT), Concerns About Recurrence Scale (CARS), Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), The Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and The Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS) before and after VR-CALM or CAU application to BCs. We compared the differences in all these scores between the VR-CALM group and the control group. Results. Patients in the VR-CALM group showed a significant decrease in levels of distress, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and fatigue (t = −6.829, t = −5.819, t = −2.094, t = −3.031, t = −10.082, P ≤ 0.001 , 0.001, 0.05, 0.01, 0.001, respectively) and had higher level of quality of life (t = 8.216, P ≤ 0.001 ) compared with the CAU group after intervention. And postintervention patients in VR-CALM group compared with preintervention showed lower level of distress and remarkable improvement of QOL (t = 11.521, t = −10.379, P ≤ 0.001 , 0.001). The preintervention questionnaire revealed no significant between-group differences regarding distress, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, fatigue, and quality of life. Conclusion. VR-CALM is a psychotherapy tailored to the needs of patients with breast cancer. This research innovatively used VR-based CALM intervention to improve psychological and chronic symptoms in BCs. The results of the present study indicate that VR-CALM has salutary effects on the improvement of QOL and relieves psychological distress, anxiety, depression, sleep disorders, and fatigue in BCs.
BackgroundThe changes in inflammation and tumor biomarkers are associated with the anti-tumor immunological processes. Early detection and intervention are of great significance to the clinical management of cancer-related diseases. Peripheral blood biomarkers [e.g., neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and carbohydrate antigen 153 (CA153)] are obtained in real-timely, conveniently, and less invasively, and proved to availably predicted the disease states and prognosis of various cancers, including breast cancer (BC). Inflammation and poor disease management promote cognitive impairment. Chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment (CRCI) hazard long-term survival and quality of life (QOL) of BC patients, but its correlation with NLR, CEA, and CA153 is not clear.PurposeThis study aimed to investigate changes in NLR, CEA, and CA153 levels before and after chemotherapy and their correlation with CRCI in patients with early-stage BC.Materials and methodsThe 187 patients with BC who were measured for NLR, CEA, and CA153 values within the first 24 hours of admission, were assigned into two groups: the before/after chemotherapy group (BCG/ACG). The ACG was assigned into two subgroups based on the cognitive assessment results: the cognitive normal/impaired group (CNG/CIG). Patients’ self-perceived cognitive impairments were evaluated using a mini-mental state examination (MMSE), prospective and retrospective memory (PM and RM) questionnaire (PRMQ), and functional assessment of cancer therapy-cognitive function version 3 (FACT-Cog, version 3, including CogPCI, CogOth, CogPCA, and CogQOL). Their QOL was also evaluated.ResultsThe NLR and CA153 levels were elevated after chemotherapy (BCG vs ACG: Z = −1.996 and −1.615, P = 0.046 and 0.106, respectively), and significantly elevated in patients with CRCI (BCG vs CIG: Z = −2.444 and -2.293, P = 0.015 and 0.022; respectively). However, there was not reach significant difference in CEA levels between the four groups. In addition, there was a weak to moderate correlation between peripheral blood biomarkers (NLR, CEA, and CA153) levels and CRCI (r = −0.404, −0.205, −0.322; respectively; P < 0.001). Cognitive impairment scores (MMSE, PM, RM, and FACT-Cog) had a strong correlation with QOL in patients with early-stage BC (r = −0.786, 0.851, 0.849, and 0.938; respectively; P < 0.001).ConclusionNLR and CA153 m be valuable diagnostic adjuncts of CRCI, and CRCI has a strong correlation with QOL in patients with early-stage BC.
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