In contrast with the soliton equations, the evolution of the eigenfunctions in the Lax representation of soliton equation with self-consistent sources ͑SESCS͒ possesses singularity. We present a general method to treat the singularity to determine the evolution of scattering data. The AKNS hierarchy with self-consistent sources, the MKdV hierarchy with self-consistent sources, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation hierarchy with self-consistent sources, the Kaup-Newell hierarchy with selfconsistent sources and the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation hierarchy with self-consistent sources are integrated directly by using the inverse scattering method. The N soliton solutions for some SESCS are presented. It is shown that the insertion of a source may cause the variation of the velocity of soliton. This approach can be applied to all other (1ϩ1)-dimensional soliton hierarchies.
A new multicomponent CKP hierarchy and solutionsA combination of dressing method and variation of constants as well as a formula for constructing the eigenfunction is used to solve the extended KP hierarchy, which is a hierarchy with one more series of time flow and based on the symmetry constraint of KP hierarchy. Similarly, extended mKP hierarchy is formulated and its zero-curvature form, Lax representation, and reductions are presented. Via gauge transformation, it is easy to transform dressing solutions of extended KP hierarchy to the solutions of extended mKP hierarchy. Wronskian solutions of extended KP and extended mKP hierarchies are constructed explicitly.
A method is proposed in this paper to construct a new extended q-deformed KP (q-KP) hiearchy and its Lax representation. This new extended q-KP hierarchy contains two types of q-deformed KP equation with self-consistent sources, and its two kinds of reductions give the q-deformed Gelfand-Dickey hierarchy with self-consistent sources and the constrained q-deformed KP hierarchy, which include two types of q-deformed KdV equation with sources and two types of q-deformed Boussinesq equation with sources. All of these results reduce to the classical ones when q goes to 1. This provides a general way to construct (2+1)-and (1+1)-dimensional q-deformed soliton equations with sources and their Lax representations.
Abstract. We show that the discrete Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation with sources obtained recently by the "source generalization" method can be incorporated into the squared eigenfunction symmetry extension procedure. Moreover, using the known correspondence between Darboux-type transformations and additional independent variables, we demonstrate that the equation with sources can be derived from Hirota's discrete KP equations but in a space of higher dimension. In this way we uncover the origin of the source terms as coming from multidimensional consistency of the Hirota system itself.
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