No abstract

Synthesis method of nanocrystalline Barium‐Copper‐Cobalt oxide (BCC) and its composite with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was provided. The size of nanocrystalline (∼13 nm) materials (BCC and BCC/rGO) was confirmed using powder X‐ray diffraction patterns. The effect of rGO, BCC, and BCC/rGO on the thermal decomposition of 3‐Nitro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one (NTO) and ammonium perchlorate (AP) was investigated using simultaneous thermal analysis. Non‐isothermal isoconversion method was used to calculate the activation energy of AP and NTO with and without rGO, BCC, and BCC/rGO. The thermal analysis suggests that in the presence of BCC and BCC/rGO, the thermal decomposition exotherm of NTO was lowered to ∼259, and ∼228 °C, respectively, and that of AP was lowered to 355, and 345 °C, respectively. BCC and BCC/rGO exhibit very good catalytic activity for the thermal decomposition of NTO by lowering NTO's activation energy barrier by ∼179 and 261 kJ mol−1, respectively. The activation energy calculations for low thermal decomposition and high thermal decomposition of AP (∼95 kJ mol−1 average) do not provide conclusive evidence to confirm the catalytic influence of BCC and BCC/rGO. The composition NTO+BCC has a lower activation energy barrier (∼121 kJ mol−1) than pure NTO which makes the thermal decomposition of NTO+BCC more favorable than pure NTO making its application in insensitive munitions more favorable. AP+BCC decomposes within a short temperature range and hence, it can be used in solid rocket propellants requiring faster decomposition of AP in place of pure AP.

Nano-crystalline copper ferrite (CuFe2O4) was prepared by co-precipitation method and physicochemically characterized by a few techniques such as powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Its catalytic effect was...

No abstract

The thermal decomposition of AP and NTO was investigated in the presence of rGO, a perovskite structured BaCuO3 catalyst, and composite rGO + BaCuO3 using DTA analysis. These catalysts highly decreased the decomposition peak temperature of AP and NTO compared to pure AP and NTO.

Wet chemical synthesis was used to produce nanosize Cobalt‐Copper‐Ferrite (CoCuFe2O4 or CCF), which was then analyzed using X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Infrared spectroscopy (IR), and Raman spectroscopy. The impact of synthesized CCF on the thermal decomposition of the insensitive high energetic material namely 3‐nitro‐2,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one (NTO) at the micron (NTO) and nanoscales (nNTO) was investigated using thermal analysis data acquired at 5, 10, and 15 °C min−1 heating rates. Non‐isothermal approaches such as Kissinger‐Akahira‐Sunose (KAS), Flynn‐Wall‐Ozawa (FWO), and iterative methods were utilized to determine the kinetic parameters of the decomposition process. The findings indicate that CCF can affect both the onset and peak temperature of micro as well as nanosize NTO. The activation energy of nNTO containing 5 % by mass CCF (nNTO:CCF) was much lower than that of pure NTO and the log A value proposed a quicker nNTO :CCF decomposition. nNTO:CCF has the potential to replace NTO in energetic formulations comprising NTO

BaZnCuO3 (BZC) was synthesized using the sol–gel method. The BZC was incorporated in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) to produce BZC/rGO composite. The synthesized catalysts were characterized using Raman, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) analysis. The comparative effect of BZC and BZC/rGO composite was studied on the thermal decomposition of 3‐nitro‐3H‐1,2,4‐triazol‐5‐one (NTO) and ammonium perchlorate (AP) using the simultaneous thermogravimetric technique (TG‐DTA). Thermal investigations suggest that BZC was a better catalyst for decreasing the thermal decomposition temperature and the thermokinetic parameters of both AP and NTO compared to BZC/rGO composite. BZC can reduce the thermal decomposition temperature of AP and NTO by 121 and 46°C, respectively. The findings support BZC as a possible catalyst in the thermolysis of both NTO and AP.

The transition mixed (ternary and binary) metal cobalt oxide or cobaltite (MCo2O4; M stands for transition metal such as Nickel (Ni), Copper (Cu), and Zinc(Zn)) has been successfully synthesized using...