In the present work, we performed a comparative investigation of spectroelectrochemical and biosensor application of two isomeric thienylpyrrole derivatives.
Herein, we report a novel ferrocenyldithiophosphonate functional conducting polymer and its use as an immobilization matrix in amperometric biosensor applications. Initially, 4-(2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)amidoferrocenyldithiophosphonate was synthesized and copolymerized with 4-(2,5-di(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzenamine at graphite electrodes. The amino groups on the polymer were utilized for covalent attachment of the enzyme glucose oxidase. Besides, ferrocene on the backbone was used as a redox mediator during the electrochemical measurements. Prior to the analytical characterization, optimization studies were carried out. The changes in current signals at +0.45 V were proportional to glucose concentration from 0.5 to 5.0 mM. Finally, the resulting biosensor was applied for glucose analysis in real samples and the data were compared with the spectrophotometric Trinder method.
A novel triazine-based, star shape and electroactive monomer, 2,4,6-tris(2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethoxy)-1,3,5-triazine (TCZ) which contains 2,4,6-trichloro-1,3,5-triazine as the core and 2-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)ethanol as the arms, was successfully synthesized. After electrochemical polymerization of the TCZ monomer, called PTCZ, the polymer shows superior optoelectronic and thermal properties due to its unique three-dimensional shape and highly-branched structure in comparison with linear analogues. Electrochromic studies exhibited that PTCZ has turquoise color in the oxidized state and is transparent in the neutral state. Due to the fact that the redox color characteristics of PTCZ are indispensable for smart windows, a PTCZ-based electrochromic device was formed with PEDOT as complementary coloring material. A potential range of -1.5 to +1.8 V was determined to be suitable for operating the PTCZ/PEDOT device between transparent and blue colors. Characterizations of the device were performed in term of switching times, optical contrast, optical memory and redox stability.
A new amperometric glucose sensor has been fabricated based on a composite film prepared by electrochemical polymerization of carbazole derivative with having free amino group in presence of the Keggin type polyoxometalate (POM) anion, (nBu 4 N) 3 [PW 9 O 34 (tBuSiOH) 3 ]. During the electropolymerization of 3-Amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AAC) on graphite electrode, simultaneously the POM has entrapped in the produced PAAC polymer film. POM/PAAC composite film was successfully synthesized and characterized with electrochemical techniques and surface morphology analyses. Metal/organic conducting polymeric composite has been composed of positively charged PAAC based conducting polymer and negatively charged POM structures. The amperometric response of the POM/PAAC-GO x modified electrode versus varying concentrations of glucose was studied at a potential value of −0.7 V (Ag/AgCl). It was determined that the POM/PAAC composite structure with the best sensor response has the lowest oxidation potential among the composite structures prepared at different ratios. Sensitivity of the POM/PAAC based sensor platform for actual glucose detections has been calculated as 66.66μA mM −1 cm −2 with a linear detection range from 0.1 to 10 mM and detection limit of 0.099 mM. The POM/PACC composite has a unique structure thanks to such advantages the multiple redox reaction, high reactivity and rapid electron transfer of POMs. Especially, as-prepared this composite displayed high electrocatalytic activity for the amperometric detection of glucose with rapid response time, good sensitivity and reproducibility, acceptable recovery and simple preparation.
Conducting polymers, which have a great potential for use in many technological application areas, can be used to design new selective, sensitive, highly efficient and practical sensor platforms. Herein, a pyrene-substituted 2,5-dithienylpyrrole (TPP) has been synthesized and its conductive polymer has been coated electrochemically on the ITO electrode surface to form a new sensor platform. After electrochemical and surface characterization of conducting polymer based sensor platform, its electrochemical responses to different metal ions have been investigated in aqueous media. It has been determined that P(TPP) displays excellent potentiometric response to Fe(III) ions while there is no significant electrochemical signal observed in other metal ion solutions including Fe(II), Zn(II), Cu(II), Hg(II), Cd(II). P(TPP) sensor platform has exhibited high stability, sensitivity, reproducibility toward the determination of Fe(III) with a good detection limit of 1.73 × 10−7 M. The sensor platform has great potential for disposable low-cost metal ion sensing platform which is convenient in-field testing application could be used in aqueous and biological samples.
A new novel, pyrene modified, thiophene–pyrrole based monomer was synthesized via a Schiff base reaction. It showed sensitive fluorescence changes when interacting with metal ions. Moreover, the electrochemical properties of its polymer were investigated.
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