Mycotoxins are toxic fungal secondary metabolites that pose a major threat to the safety of food and feed. Mycotoxins are usually converted into less toxic or non-toxic metabolites through biotransformation that are often made by living organisms as well as the isolated enzymes. The conversions mainly include hydroxylation, oxidation, hydrogenation, de-epoxidation, methylation, glycosylation and glucuronidation, esterification, hydrolysis, sulfation, demethylation and deamination. Biotransformations of some notorious mycotoxins such as alfatoxins, alternariol, citrinin, fomannoxin, ochratoxins, patulin, trichothecenes and zearalenone analogues are reviewed in detail. The recent development and applications of mycotoxins detoxification through biotransformation are also discussed.

Two new decalin/tetramic acid hybrid metabolites, hyalodendrins A (1) and B (2) were isolated from plant endophytic fungus Hyalodendriella sp. Ponipodef12. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by analysis of the spectroscopic data, including NMR, HRMS and ECD, and by chemical conversion. Compounds 1 and 2 were phomasetin analogues, and both showed potent larvicidal activity against the fourth-instar larvae of Aedes aegypti with the median lethal dose (LC50) values of 10.31 and 5.93 μg/mL, respectively.