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Interleukin 38 (IL-38) is a novel identified cytokine of IL-1 family in which some members are important in inflammation and angiogenesis. However, the role of IL-38 in regulating angiogenesis is unknown. The aim of the present study is to explore the effect of IL-38 on angiogenesis. Oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR) of C57BL/6 J mice was induced by exposure of hyperoxia (75% oxygen) from postnatal day 7 (P7) to P12 and then returned to room air. The mice were injected with IL-38. At P17, neovascular region (tufts) and avascular area of the retinas were analyzed. The data showed that administration of IL-38 in vivo inhibited retinal angiogenesis significantly. Furthermore, the addition of IL-38 to the cell cultures attenuated the proliferation, scratch wound healing and tube formation of vascular endothelial cells induced by VEGF significantly. Our findings suggest that IL-38 is an antiangiogenic cytokine in pathophysiological settings and may have therapeutic potential for angiogenesis related diseases.

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This is the first report of a comprehensive multiplex analysis to identify angiogenic factors associated with PDR. These angiogenic factors may contribute to the pathogenesis of PDR and may be targets for therapeutic strategies of PDR.

Background/AimsTo analyse the clinical characteristics of intraocular foreign body (IOFB) injury in children and evaluate factors associated with endophthalmitis development.MethodsPatients aged <18 years with IOFB attending Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center between January 2003 and July 2016 were included retrospectively. Demographic features, clinical characteristics and factors associated with endophthalmitis development were analysed.ResultsConsecutive subjects (n=484, 484 eyes) were included: mean age 10.12±4.54 years, 86.4% male. Fireworks (28.5%) were the most common cause of injury. Injury of uncertain cause (17.5%), fireworks (36.7%) and metal splatter (31.7%) accounted for most injuries in the 0–3, 4–12 and 13–17 years age groups, respectively. Plant branches (16.7%) and fireworks (31.1%) were the most common causes of injuries in females and males, respectively. Endophthalmitis occurred in 116 patients (24.0%), with metallic IOFB (OR=0.338, p=0.001), intraocular haemorrhage (OR=0.100, p<0.001) and uveal tissue prolapse (OR=0.206, p<0.001) conferring lower risk, while zone II wound (OR=4.336, p<0.001) and traumatic lens rupture (OR=2.567, p=0.028) were associated with higher risk.ConclusionClinical characteristics of children with IOFB injury differ from those of adults. Fireworks are the most common cause of injury, indicating a ban on children igniting fireworks should be advocated. Safety education and protective measures should vary by age and sex. Endophthalmitis is associated with zone II wound, traumatic lens rupture, IOFB material, intraocular haemorrhage and uveal tissue prolapse, which has clinical relevance.

Interleukin-28A shows therapeutic potential for allergic conjunctival inflammation.

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