In order to investigate the thawing time and water-holding capacity under high-voltage electric field (HVEF), we studied the thawing experiments of frozen beef in a multiple needles-to-plate electrode system. The electric field, thawing characteristics, and quality parameters during the thawing process were measured. The results showed that compared with the control, the thawing time of beef under HVEF was significantly shortened, the thawing rate increased significantly, the drip loss decreased, and the centrifugal loss increased during the thawing process. By the response surface analysis and single-factor analysis of variance, the best thawing conditions for each thawing parameter were determined. It provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance for understanding the characteristic parameters of the high-voltage electric field thawing technology.
We developed AM miniLED local dimming (LD) backlight systems on glass for 75‐inch LCD displays, with each consisting of 5184 localing dimming zones. The 75‐inch display achieves a high dynamic contrast ratio of 1,000,000 : 1 and high brightness of more than 1000nits. This backlight system grants the LCD display with HDR performance, which is comparable to those of other products (Dual‐cells and OLEDs), by making the dark state real black. In addition, the system exhibits advantages such as low fabrication cost and long life time.
To investigate the drying characteristics and mechanism during electrohydrodynamic (EHD) drying with ultrasonic pretreatment, the ultrasonic pretreatment-assisted EHD drying method at different power values was used to carry out the drying experiment of potatoes. To carry out this study, potato slices were pretreated with different ultrasonic power values (150, 180, 210, 240, and 270 W) or without ultrasound for 30 min at 30°C. The corresponding voltage was 18 kV during EHD drying. The moisture ratio, drying rate, color, shrinkage, and rehydration rate of potatoes were determined. The microstructure of potatoes was analyzed using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Eight mathematical models were used to fit the drying of potatoes. Results showed that, compared with the control group, the ultrasonic pretreatment combined with the EHD drying group had improved the drying rate of potato slices, which was different at varying ultrasonic power values. Ultrasonic pretreatment had a remarkable effect on the color of the potato but had little effect on the shrinkage rate. The maximum rehydration rate is 5.7704 at 180 W. The minimum and maximum values of effective moisture diffusivity (Deff) were 3.4070 × 10−7 m2/s and 4.1160 × 10−7 m2/s, respectively. The effect of ultrasonic power pretreatment on the microstructure of potato in the EHD drying process was significant (
p
>
0.05
). According to the statistical parameter evaluation, eight mathematical models could satisfactorily describe drying curves of potato slices dried under EHD with ultrasonic pretreatment, and the logarithmic model was best suited. This work provides a theoretical basis and practical guidance to further understand the parameter characteristics and mechanism of ultrasonic pretreatment combined with the EHD drying technology.
Motivated by the excellent electronic and optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) Ga-monochalcogenides, we systematically investigated the effect of halogenation on physical properties of monolayer GaX (X = S, Se) by the first-principles calculations. Crystal lattices of GaX were decomposed with the halogen atom being absorbed on top of the Ga atom. Unexpectedly, a series of monolayer GaXY (X = S, Se; Y = F, Cl, Br, I) was formed. Except for GaXF, other monolayer GaXY has good structural stability at room temperature. With the broken mirror symmetry, monolayer GaXY has superior flexibility, a direct bandgap in the range of 0.78–4.43 eV, the intrinsic vertical polarization, and larger in-plane as well as out-of-plane piezoelectric coefficients than Ga-monochalcogenides. Moreover, by comparing the structural stability and side-dependent electronic band alignment, we concluded that monolayer GaXY (X = S, Se; Y = Cl, Br) is suitable for photocatalytic water-splitting applications.
Invasive aquatic species discharged through ship ballast water is one of the most serious problems posed nowadays in the marine environment. The effect of inactivation of phytoplankton by pulsed electric field and thermal treatment was studied. Effect factors such as pulsed voltage, electrode gap, pulse width and preheating temperature were explored, and its mechanism of inactivation was analyzed. The combined effect of mild thermal and PEF treatments was shown to give more effective damage of phytoplankton than application of PEF treatment alone. The untreated ballast water sample pretreated at moderate temperature (323 K) and moderate PEF (E ≈10kV/cm) showed a noticeable enhancing of inactivation.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.