Cancer remains a major health problem that plagues human beings, calling widespread attention to develop novel theranostics to achieve sensitive diagnosis and efficient therapy. Multifunctional nanomedicine that can integrate diagnosis with treatment formulations has been emerging as a powerful strategy to overcome the current drawbacks in conventional clinical cancer treatments. Due to the good biocompatibility, easy surface modification, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS)/computed tomography (CT)/photoacoustic (PA) imaging properties, and exceptional photothermal performance of gold nanostars (AuNSs), various AuNS-based complexes or nanohybrids including metal compound/AuNSs, SiO 2 /AuNSs, polymer/AuNSs, and dendrimer/AuNSs, and so forth have been developed, holding great blueprint in cancer theranostics.Herein, we concisely review the recent progresses in the intriguing design of AuNS-based nanoplatforms, and their applications in bioimaging, therapy and imaging-guided cancer treatment, and clarify the possible future perspectives for the design of AuNS-facilitated cancer theranostics.
Effective
processing and cross-priming of tumor neoantigen by dendritic
cells (DCs) to T cells for spontaneous immune response generation
to effectively kill cancer cells remain challenging in cancer immunotherapy.
Here, we report a general approach to genetically engineer DCs through
silencing their YTHDF1 protein (an important reader protein responsible
for RNA m6A methylation) expression via a dendrimeric non-viral vector to boost effective tumor immunotherapy.
Poly(amidoamine) dendrimers of generation 5 were partially decorated
with mannose and 1,3-propanesultone and then entrapped with gold (Au)
nanoparticles. The created dendrimer nanoplatform has an Au core size
of 1.8 nm; possesses desired stability, good cytocompatibility, and
excellent YTHDF1 siRNA compression ability; and enables targeted gene
silencing of DCs overexpressing mannose receptors to upregulate the
expression of CD80 and CD86, markers of DCs maturation, potentially
leading to tumor antigen cross-presentation. With these properties
owned, the combination of YTHDF1 silencing of DCs with programmed
cell death-ligand 1 antibody can boost the best immunotherapy of a
xenografted melanoma tumor model through the created antitumor immune
responses. Findings in this study demonstrate a general approach of
genetic engineering of DCs via a dendrimeric non-viral
vector to effectively boost antitumor immunotherapy.
Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) has received increasing attention due to its unique tumor microenvironment (TME) responsiveness and minimal adverse side effects, but the therapeutic effect of CDT alone is always limited...
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