En este artículo se analizan indicadores bibliométricos de las revistas indexadas en SciELO pertenecientes al área de ciencias agrícolas para el año 2019 y su relación con indicadores de desarrollo de la agricultura en la región. Los datos bibliométricos fueron obtenidos del portal oficial de SciELO y los de desarrollo de agricultura se obtuvieron del portal del Banco Mundial. Los datos fueron procesados mediante técnicas estadísticas de asociación por conglomerados para observar similitudes o diferencias entre los indicadores por país. Las relaciones entre los indicadores se establecieron mediante análisis de correlaciones canónicas y árboles de clasificación. El análisis de conglomerados mostró que los países de agrupan según los indicadores bibliométricos en cinco clústeres donde Argentina, Brasil, Chile y Colombia son independientes y Bolivia, Paraguay, Perú y Venezuela se agrupan en un solo clúster. En cuanto a los indicadores de desarrollo de agricultura, se evidencian cuatro clústeres, Bolivia y Paraguay ubicados independientes, Argentina y Venezuela en un clúster y Brasil, Chile, Colombia y Perú en otro. Se evidenció poca relación entre los indicadores bibliométricos y los de desarrollo de agricultura, con predominio de relaciones inversas moderadas con la industrialización y el valor agregado de la agricultura (%PIB).
Less precipitation, high temperature, and minimal natural vegetation are characteristic of regions having an arid climate. The harsh environment massively destructs the soil structure of that area by burning soil organic carbon, leading to deteriorated soil nutritional quality, creating a significant threat to agricultural production and food security. Direct application of organic wastes not only substitutes lost organic carbon but also restores soil structure and fertility. This study was conducted to assess the impact of organic amendments, i.e., farm manure (FM), poultry manure (PM), molasses (MO), and Exo-Poly Saccharides (EPS) producing rhizobacterial strains i.e., M2, M19, M22 amalgams as treatments. To assess the impact of treatments on soil carbon and structure restoration to hold more water and nutrients, a 42-day incubation experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) under the two-factor factorial arrangement was conducted. Macro aggregation (0.25 to >1 mm), carbon retention in macro aggregates, active carbon (dissolved organic carbon, a mineral-associated organic carbon, microbial biomass carbon), total organic carbon, the carbon mineralization activities, and water retention capacities were observed to be highest in soils that were treated with (FM + M2, FM + M22, PM + M19, and MO + M19). Finally, we conclude that organics mineralization by microbial actions releases organic glues that not only impart particle aggregation but also conserve organics as aggregate entrapped carbon. Amalgamated application of microbe–manure combinations directly impacts soil structure and organic carbon contents, but in an indirect scenario, it improves the fertility and productivity of the soil. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to use organic manures and microbes in combination to restore structurally degraded lands.
La investigación se realizó con los objetivos de estudiar los perfiles moleculares de la diversidad genética, comparar la variabilidad y distancias genéticas de los marcadores moleculares de papas (Solanum spp.) colectados en campo de cultivo de agricultores de 12 comunidades de los distritos de Secclla, Santo Tomás de Pata y Santillana. Las 128 accesiones fueron cultivadas en bolsas polietileno con dos repeticiones cada una. El muestreo de los foliolos jóvenes se realizó a los 48 días después de la siembra. La extracción del ADN se procedió por el método de CTAB, copias de fragmentos del ADN se obtuvo mediante PCR, que fueron separados por PAGE. En el análisis molecular se empleó 8 pares de marcadores microsatélites. Los resultados se analizaron por los estadísticos, coeficiente Simple Matching, NTSYS 2.10p, método de agrupamiento UPGMA para estimar el polimorfismo y el AMOVA se calculó usando el programa Arlequin (versión 3.0). El PIC promedio fue 0.238, señala la existencia de polimorfismo. La distancia y similitud genética, las poblaciones que exhiben mayor relación genética comprenden, Santillana y Santo Tomás de Pata, denotando que las accesiones de estas poblaciones presentan mayores características en común. El AMOVA muestra que la variabilidad se encuentra dentro de poblaciones (91.55%), y la diferenciación genética entre las tres poblaciones es moderada (FST = 0.08448). © 2019. Journal of the Selva Andina Research Society. Bolivia. Todos los derechos reservados. Palabras clave:Diversidad genética de Solanum spp. Microsatélites, Ayacucho-Huancavelica, polimorfismo de papa, marcadores SSR. Abstract J. Selva Andina Res. Soc.2019; 10(1):4-15.The research was carried out with the objectives of studying the molecular profiles of genetic diversity, comparing the variability and genetic distances of the molecular markers of potatoes (Solanum spp.) which were collected in farmers' field from 12 communities of the Secclla, Santo Tomás de Pata and Santillana districts. The 128 accessions were cultivated in polyethylene bags with two repetitions each. The sampling of the young leaflets was carried out 48 days after sowing. DNA extraction was performed by CTAB method, copies of DNA fragments were obtained by PCR, which were separated by PAGE. In the molecular analysis, 8 pairs of microsatellite markers were used. The results were analyzed by the statistics, Simple Matching coefficient, NTSYS 2.10p, UPGMA grouping method to estimate the polymorphism and the AMOVA was calculated using the Arlequin program (version 3.0). The average PIC was 0.238, indicating the existence of polymorphism. The distance and genetic similarity, the populations that exhibit the greatest genetic relationship include Santillana and Santo Tomás de Pata, denoting that the accessions of these populations have greater common characteristics. The AMOVA shows that the variability is within populations (91.55%), and the genetic differentiation between the three populations is moderate (FST = 0.08448).
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