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Abstract:Word formation in the dictionary belongs, at the latest since the contribution of Mugdan (1984), to the topics frequently discussed by lexicographers. Unfortunately the results have not always been satisfactory. This applies both to the formulation of lexicographic theory and to the lexicographic practice because the lexicographic terms have the linguistic terms as point of departure and questions are put as to how these phenomena should be presented in dictionaries. Instead, one should rather ask which information needs dictionary users experience in which types of user situations and then decide where and how items giving word formation can be presented in order to benefit the envisaged target user of a given dictionary.The lexicographic practice is also in an unsatisfactory position with regard to items giving word formation because the typical polyfunctional dictionaries have too many items giving word formation for text reception problems and far too few for text production problems or for the real general knowledge needs regarding word formation in the specific language. This paper gives suggestions regarding the theoretical approaches that could lead to a better user-directed lexicographic practice. Keywords: AFRIKAANS DICTIONARIES, COGNITIVE FUNCTION, COMPLEX FORM, COMPOUND, DERIVATIVE, DICTIONARY FUNCTION, ELECTRONIC DICTIONARIES, TEXT PRODUCTION, TEXT RECEPTION, USER NEEDS, WORD FORMATION Opsomming: Die aanbieding van woordvorming in algemene verklarendewoordeboeke. Woordvorming in woordeboeke is ten minste sedert die bydrae van Mugdan (1984) 'n onderwerp wat gereeld deur leksikograwe bespreek word. Ongelukkig was die resultate hiervan nie altyd bevredigend nie. Dit geld sowel die formulering van leksikografiese teorie as die leksikografiese praktyk want die leksikografiese terme het linguistierse terme as vertrekpunt en vrae word gestel oor hoe hierdie verskynsels in woordeboeke aangebied moet word. In stede daarvan behoort daar eerder gevra te word watter inligtingsbehoeftes gebruikers in watter tipes gebruikersituasies ervaar en dan moet daar besluit word waar en hoe aanduiders van woordvorming aangebied moet word om die beoogde teikengebruiker van die woordeboek ten beste te bevoordeel.Die leksikografiese praktyk is ook in 'n onbevredigende situasie met betrekking tot aanduiders van woordvorming. Die tipiese polifunksionele woordeboeke het te veel aanduiders wat woordvorming vir teksbegrip bied en veels te min wat op die oplossing van teksproduksieprohttp://lexikos.journals.ac.za

Abstract:The development of theoretical lexicography clearly indicates a movement towards a more general recognition of the role of lexicographic functions. A consistent application of lexicographic functions has a major influence on the contents of dictionary articles but also on the data distribution and even the typological classification. In the discussion of lexicographic functions, the emphasis has primarily been on the central list of dictionaries. This article proposes an approach where outer texts are also selected and compiled in order to make an active contribution to achieving the lexicographic functions of a given dictionary. A distinction is made between function-adhering and non-function-adhering outer texts. The function-adhering outer texts can further be divided into integrated and non-integrated function-adhering outer texts. With reference to the data distribution programme of a dictionary, it is suggested that in the planning of every dictionary, provision should be made for a function allocation programme. This will ensure that the identified functions of a given dictionary will be realised in both the central list and the outer texts. Die ontwikkeling van die teoretiese leksikografie toon 'n duidelike beweging in die rigting van 'n groter erkenning aan die rol van leksikografiese funksies. 'n Konsekwente toepassing van leksikografiese funksies het 'n ingrypende invloed op die inhoud van woordeboekartikels maar ook op die dataverspreiding en selfs op die tipologiese klassifikasie. Tot dusver was die klem in die gesprek oor leksikografiese funksies veral op die sentrale teks van woordeboeke. Hierdie artikel bepleit 'n benadering waar die buitetekste ook gekies en saamgestel moet word om aktief by te dra tot die bereiking van 'n bepaalde woordeboek se leksikografiese funksies. 'n Onderskeid word gemaak tussen funksienakomende en niefunksienakomende buitetekste. Die funksienakomende buitetekste kan op hulle beurt weer onderverdeel word in geïntegreerde en niegeïntegreerde funksienakomende tekste. Na aanleiding van die dataverspreidingsprogram van woordeboeke word voorgestel *

Abstract:Within the field of lexicography there are numerous differences when it comes to the interpretation of the term lexicography and differences in determining the nature, extent and scope of this term. Although it is widely accepted that lexicography consist of two components, i.e. theoretical lexicography and the lexicographic practice, different definitions of lexicography give no unambiguous reflection of this distinction and of the individual components. This paper looks at some prevailing diverse uses and interpretations of the word lexicography. This is followed by proposals to ensure a transformative, unified and comprehensive interpretation of this concept. Keywords: INDEPENDENT DISCIPLINE, INFORMATION TOOL, LEXICOGRAPHER, LEXI-COGRAPHIC PRACTICE, LEXICOGRAPHIC THEORY, LEXICOGRAPHIC TOOL, LEXICOG-RAPHY, LEXICOLOGY, METALEXICOGRAPHY, SCIENTIFIC LEXICOGRAPHY, TERMI-NOGRAPHYOpsomming: Wat is leksikografie? In die leksikografie bestaan daar talle verskille met betrekking tot die interpretasie van die term leksikografie asook met betrekking tot 'n vasstelling van die aard, omvang en bestek van hierdie term. Alhoewel dit wyd aanvaar word dat leksikografie uit twee komponente bestaan, naamlik 'n teoretiese en 'n praktiese komponent, bied onderskeie definisies van leksikografie geen ondubbelsinnige beskrywing van hierdie verskil en van die onderskeie komponente nie. Hierdie artikel gee aandag aan enkele bestaande maar uiteenlopende gebruike en interpretasies van die woord leksikografie. Daarna volg voorstelle ter versekering van 'n transformatiewe verenigde en omvattende interpretasie van hierdie begrip.

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Abstract:By means of an overview of certain aspects of article structures in printed dictionaries and with reference to some examples from e-dictionaries a number of features of article structures in e-dictionaries are discussed. Reference is made to the positioning of articles in article stretches and functional partial article stretches. Different structural components of articles, i.e. text segments, comments and search zones are distinguished. The increased role of data-identifying entries as a type of non-typographical structural indicator in e-dictionaries receives attention as well as the fact that the traditional division of an article in two comments, typically a comment on form and a comment on semantics, cannot merely be maintained. The value of the cohesion resulting from the use of comments in printed dictionaries is much more restricted in e-dictionaries. The use of search zones and rapid access to these zones have a much more important role in the article structure of edictionaries. In the planning of e-dictionaries provision needs to be made for a multi-layered article structure with screenshots that display the data in a variety of search zones. Access to these search zones goes via structural indicators in an opening or further screenshot. Provision needs to be made for one lemma to occur in a comprehensive article but also in a number of restricted articles that can be retrieved from the same database. Users should also have the opportunity to design their own user profile that will allow them to consult dictionary articles structured according to their specific needs. Keywords: ARTICLE STRUCTURE, COMMENT, COMPREHENSIVE ARTICLE, DATA-IDENTIFYING ENTRY, e-DICTIONARIES, ITEM, MULTI-LAYERED ARTICLES, NON-TYPO-GRAPHICAL STRUCTURAL INDICATOR, PARTIAL ARTICLE STRETCH, RESTRICTED ARTI-CLES, SCREENSHOT, SEARCH ZONE, TEXT SEGMENTS, USER PROFILEOpsomming: Artikelstrukture: vanaf gedrukte na e-woordeboeke. Aan die hand van 'n oorsig oor bepaalde aspekte van artikelstrukture in gedrukte woordeboeke en met verwysing na 'n aantal voorbeelde uit e-woordeboeke word sekere kenmerke van artikelstrukture in e-woordeboeke bespreek. Daar word gekyk na die plasing van artikels in artikeltrajekte asook in funksionele artikeldeeltrajekte. Verskillende struktuurkomponente van artikels, te wete tekssegmente, kommentare en soeksones word onderskei. Die groter rol van data-identifiserende inskrywings as tipe nietipografiese struktuurmerker in e-woordeboeke kry aandag asook die feit dat die tradisionele verdeling in twee kommentare, tipies 'n vormkommentaar en 'n semantiese kommentaar, nie *

Dictionaries often display a central list bias with little or no attention to the use of outer texts. This article focuses on dictionaries as text compounds and carriers of different text types. Utilising either a partial or a complete frame structure, a variety of outer text types can be used to enhance the data distribution structure of a dictionary and to ensure a better information retrieval by the intended target user. A distinction is made between primary frame structures and secondary frame structures and attention is drawn to the use of complex outer texts and the need of an extended complex outer text with its own table of contents to guide the user to the relevant texts in the complex outer text. It is emphasised that outer texts need to be planned in a meticulous way and that they should participate in the lexicographic functions of the specific dictionary, both knowledge-orientated and communication-orientated functions, to ensure a transtextual functional approach. Keywords: BACK MATTER, CENTRAL LIST, COMMUNICATION-ORIENTATED FUNC-TIONS, COMPLEX TEXT, CULTURAL DATA, EXTENDED COMPLEX TEXT, EXTENDED TEXTS, FRONT MATTER, FRAME STRUCTURE, KNOWLEDGE-ORIENTATED FUNCTIONS, LEXICO-GRAPHIC FUNCTIONS, OUTER TEXTS, PRIMARY FRAME, SECONDARY FRAMEOpsomming: Buitetekste in tweetalige woordeboeke. Woordeboeke vertoon dikwels 'n partydigheid ten gunste van die sentrale lys met min of geen aandag aan die buitetekste nie. Hierdie artikel fokus op woordeboeke as tekssamestellings en draers van verskillende tekssoorte. Met die benutting van óf 'n gedeeltelike óf 'n volledige raamstruktuur kan 'n verskeidenheid buitetekste aangewend word om die dataverspreidingstruktuur van 'n woordeboek te verbeter en om 'n beter herwinning van inligting deur die teikengebruiker te verseker. 'n Onderskeid word gemaak tussen primêre en sekondêre raamstrukture en die aandag word gevestig op komplekse buitetekste en die behoefte aan 'n uitgebreide komplekse buiteteks met sy eie inhoudsopgawe wat die gebruiker kan lei na die relevante tekste binne die komplekse buiteteks. Dit word benadruk dat buitetekste sorgvuldig beplan moet word en dat hulle deel moet hê aan die leksikografiese funksies van die betrokke woordeboek, sowel die kennis-as die kommunikasiegerigte funksies, om 'n transtekstuele funksionele benadering te verseker.