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BackgroundThe PA skills of phonological blending and segmentation and auditory word discrimination relate directly to literacy and may be weak in English second language (EL2) learners. In South Africa, literacy skills have been found to be poor in especially EL2 learners.ObjectivesThe purpose of this paper is to determine the effects of vowel perception and production intervention on phonemic awareness (PA) and literacy skills of Setswana first language (L1) learners. These learners are English second language (EL2) learners in Grade 3.MethodThe present study employed a quasi-experimental, pre-test–post-test design.ResultsThe findings of low–literacy skill levels concurred with previous investigations. However, post-test results of intervention in PA seemed to improve the literacy skills of EL2 learners.ConclusionPA skills should be a crucial part of the literacy curriculum in South Africa.

<p>The mediostructure, that is the system of cross-referencing, is a lexicographic device that can be used to establish relations among different components of a dictionary. This paper focuses on different mediostructural strategies and their practical application in general synchronic dictionaries. The structure of dictionaries is discussed from a metalexicographic perspective in order to explain the system of cross-referencing. It is shown how textual cohesion, achieved by the interaction of the various structural components, is promoted by the use of a system of cross-referencing and improved by an innovative approach towards a mediostructure-orientated lexicography.</p><p> </p>
<p>&lt;b&gt;Kruisverwysing as 'n leksikografiese tegniek&lt;/b&gt;</p><p>Die mediostruktuur, d.w.s. die stelsel van kruisverwysing, is 'n leksikografiese tegniek wat gebruik kan word om verbande te lê tussen verskillende komponente van 'n woordeboek. In hierdie artikel word aandag gegee aan verskillende mediostrukturele strategieë en hul praktiese toepassing in algemene sinchroniese woordeboeke. Woordeboekstruktuur word vanuit 'n metaleksikografiese perspektief bespreek ten einde die kruisverwysingstelsel te verduidelik. Daar word aangetoon hoe tekskohesie, verkry deur die interaksie van die onderskeie struktuurkomponente, bevorder word deur die gebruik van 'n kruisverwysingstelsel en verbeter word deur 'n vernuwende benadering ten opsigte van mediostruktureel-georiënteerde leksikografie.</p><p> </p>

The aim of this article is to provide a perspective on lexicographic traditions, lemmatisation strategies and lemmatisation approaches in Bantu language dictionaries from a South African point of view. It will be argued that Bantu language lexicography reflects a complex interplay of lexicographic traditions and lemmatisation approaches. The focus will be on Sepedi 1 -English dictionaries and on the analysis of the Oxford Northern Sotho School Dictionary, henceforth (ONSD). The ONSD will be evaluated in terms of the presumed best practices in terms of lemmatisation and against the background of the user-perspective.

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