Biomass from empty fruit bunch (EFB) is considered as potential renewable energy sources to be developed in Indonesia. EFB can be efficiently converted into valuable and useful fuel products through gasification. Gasification is a process of biomass conversion into syngas. Syngas is a raw material for most other chemical products, such as Methanol, Ammonia, and DME. One of the biomasses that has big potential to be utilized is palm EFB waste. Research about DME synthesis from various biomass has been done, though little research about DME production based on EFB gasification. The aim of this research is to simulate single stage DME Plant Model based on gasification of EFB by assuming that the gasification reaction and DME synthesis reaction are under equilibrium condition. Method encompasses step to perform simulation of the model and DME plant design. The model predicts yield of DME product in agreement with published real DME plant operation. The result shows flow rate of DME produced is 50% of EFB feed flowrate and 73% energy efficiency obtained for pre-treated EFB. Electric power requirement has been investigated at 4096 kW and can be fulfilled by DME Plant through steam generation cycle and internal combustion engine fuelled by DME product. The model developed will be used as a basis for techno-economic analysis of DME plant based on EFB gasification.
Biomass from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) has the potential to be used as feedstock for bio-Dimethyl Ether (bio-DME) production through the gasification process. Bio-DME has the potential to replace liquified petroleum gas (LPG) and biodiesel as it has similar characteristics to both fuels. Therefore, this study was aimed to evaluate previous research on the OPEFB-based bio-DME and its sustainability, to identify existing gaps in the research and to formulate directions for valuable future research. The results showed that pertinent performances with simulation and technical analyses should be conducted with different process configurations and under different scenarios. Based on this review, a number of further topics should still be investigated, including the economic feasibility of OPEFB conversion into bio-DME at different locations and plant capacities; the simulation of OPEFB bio-DME plant using an indirect synthesis method and technical analysis of pilot plant; and the sustainability of OPEFB-based bio-DME in Indonesia on islands with a large concentration of oil palm plantations.
Biomass from Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) has the potential to be employed as raw material for renewable energy sources in Indonesia. EFB can be efficiently converted into valuable fuel products through gasification to produce syngas. Syngas is a suitable basis for added value products development. One of type biomass that has big potential to be utilized is palm EFB biomass. Research about methanol synthesis from various biomass has been done, though little research about methanol production based on EFB gasification. The purpose of this research is to simulate methanol plant model based on gasification of palm EFB. The method covers the step to perform a simulation of the model and methanol plant design. Electric power requirement has been investigated at 3 417 kW, and 67 % of its demand can be fulfilled by steam generation cycle and internal combustion engine (ICE) fuelled by off-gas, while the deficit fulfilled by diesel powered ICE. The flow rate of methanol produced is 85 % of EFB feed flowrate. Energy efficiency is 92 % once electricity energy added to liquid product energy content. The developed model reflects the initial step toward circular economy principals as well as the basis for analysis of the methanol production from EFB biomass gasification profitability.
Biomass from EFB is considered as potential renewable energy sources to be developed in Indonesia. EFB can be efficiently converted into valuable and useful gaseous products through gasification. Research about EFB gasification in various gasifier has been done, though little research about EFB simulation on CFB bed gasifier. The aim of this research is to simulate gasification of EFB on CFB gasifier by assuming that the gasification reaction isunder equilibrium condition. Method encompasses biomass feedstock, simulation basis manager, process description, simulation description, model validation, and sensitivity analysis. The model predicts H2 and CO fraction on syngas product in agreement with published real CFB gasification operation. The result shows that CFB gasifier performance is improving at high temperature above 800°C., and syngas conversion is higher under high temperature.The highest H2 yield achieved at 800°C.Impact of S/B has been investigated, and it is found that when value of S/B is increasing, the more H2 produced. The value of ER below 1 is desired since the focus is to get CO together with H2. The lower ER value the higher syngas yield obtained. The model will be used as a basis for further chemical production simulation from EFB gasification.
Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) can be utilized as a feedstock for dimethyl ether (DME) production through the gasification route. DME has similar characteristics to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG). Therefore, it can be used as a substitute for LPG. Some research has been conducted on DME as a substitute for LPG from various aspects. However, little research was focused on the economic study of OPEFB-based DME as an LPG substitute and its contribution towards saving the LPG import budget. This study aims to find DME plant feasibility, and to assess its contribution to the LPG import budget reduction, especially in the Kalimantan region. The DME price at the depot is calculated based on the ex-factory price of DME, transportation cost, and depot fee. The OPEFB-based DME plant capacity is 994 t day-1 OPEFB, which produces 192 t day-1 DME. From an economic perspective, the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period (PP) are USD 93.1 million, 17%, and 10 years, respectively, based on 30 years of plant life and USD 185.4 million investment. Only 57% of the DME-LPG mix can be distributed to fulfill Kalimantan region demand per year, while the savings on the import budget is USD 5.81 million y-1. The OPEFB-based DME plant capacity and capital expenditure (CAPEX) are the most sensitive to perturbance, whereas OPEFB feed price is the least sensitive.
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