Due to the successful use of standardized patients (SPs) in medical studies, possible fields of application for SPs in postgraduate psychotherapy training were examined on the basis of a systematic literature research (ranging from 1982 to 2011) on the use of SPs in the fields of psychotherapy, medical psychology, psychosomatic medicine, and psychiatry. The results show that SPs are used predominantly for teaching communication and counseling techniques, history taking, and assessment of psychopathology and are commonly used to portray patients with affective disorders, neurotic, stress and somatoform disorders and schizophrenia, as well as schizotypal and delusional disorders. The use of SPs is generally rated positively with regard to subjective learning effects, satisfaction, and authenticity. Hence, the results suggest that postgraduate psychotherapy training curricula might benefit from the implementation of SPs.
The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that behavior therapy with children and adolescents is clearly different from psychotherapy with adults and that exactly those differences require therapeutic procedures which go beyond a disease-oriented approach. Psychotherapy with children and adolescents is highly influenced by the eminent development in childhood and youth, by the high degree of dependence on other persons and by the specific environment of children. These factors have an effect on the psychotherapeutic process as a whole, including the establishment of the therapeutic relation as well as the therapy motivation, diagnosis, determination of goals, selection and realization of the therapeutic interventions and the evaluation of the therapeutic progress.
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