The threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L., 1758) is a vertebrate model for the study of the relationship between phenotype and environment in facilitating rapid evolutionary change. Using four populations from a system of lakes in Katmai National Park and Preserve, Alaska, and microcomputed tomography and three-dimensional geometric morphometrics, we test the hypothesis that stickleback populations inhabiting freshwater environments display cranial phenotypes that are intermediate between the putative ancestral form and the low-plated freshwater populations that demonstrate substantial divergence toward new phenotypic optima. We further test the hypothesis that phenotypic covariance structure is disrupted in the context of such putatively recent adaptive events. We report significant phenotypic differences among all four populations that includes a component of sexual dimorphism. Furthermore, we show evidence of disrupted phenotypic covariance structure among these populations. Taken together, these findings indicate the importance of phenotypic quantification as a key step in elucidating both the ecological processes responsible for rapid adaptive radiations and the role of developmental mechanisms in biasing evolutionary change.
Goal of learning in this millennium is to create an inclusive learning environment for all. Inclusivity in the millennial age learning environment (referred to as Learning 4.0 age) is achieved through the integration of technology and learning accessed by masses in a standardized, indiscriminate, self-paced, affordable, and technologically friendly form, while also instilling in the learners with the skills required by Industry 4.0. To fully realize Industry 4.0's potential, organizations will need to take a more creative, inclusive approach to talent development and some deliberate unlearning of outdated approaches and learning of new ones. Thus, this study focuses on the Unlearning-Relearning (LUR) model to bridge the gap between Industry-academia 4.0 and fill the skill gaps. The study highlights the need to create technology-integrated inclusive learning spaces for millennials as per the industry 4.0 requirements by proposing an 'Unlearn-Relearn Model', which incorporates advanced technology and the unlearning-relearning concept and strong feedback loop to achieve its purpose of sustainable competency development.
Customer relationship management (CRM) has evolved significantly in recent years, from a strategy that focused exclusively on developing financial links with clients to one that fosters both transactional and interactional interactions. As a result, a new type of CRM called social customer relationship management (SCRM) or CRM 2.0 has emerged. This research presents and builds a conceptual model to address the connections between customer relationship management, social media technologies, customer engagement, positive word of mouth, and brand loyalty. Adding to the conventional relevance of customer relationship management, this study presents how Social CRM has become the need of the hour. This research would be helpful to both service and product-based organisation. A conceptual model has been developed to show how social media technologies lead to both positive word of mouth and brand loyalty. SCRM (social customer relationship management) is a new paradigm that influences customer-organization relationships by allowing customers to govern the connection via social media.
User-generated content (UGC) has grown in popularity in recent times. The researchers have examined the significance of UGC on consumer behaviour in the era of Industry 4.0. Therefore, measuring UGC in eWOM communication will allow stakeholders to evaluate their effectiveness on the internet and amplify the digital process needed to perform modern marketing. A comprehensive literature review has been conducted to piece together the disparate pieces of knowledge to comprehend the entire conceptual framework of UGC. Several research papers have been classified into seven categories, each of which could elaborate on the concepts of UGC, eWOM, UGC/eWOM effect, factors of source credibility, factors of content credibility, receiver's behaviour, and platform credibility in order to conceptualize the concept under consideration. The goal is to connect ideas available in the literature and offer a comprehensive picture of UGC by focusing on the future research perspective. UGC and eWOM will let firms strategize their resources and effort.
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