To determine Salmonella spp. prevalence/seroprevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns and risk factor identification associated with its presence in Colombian swine farms. 504 samples (Faeces, swabs and environment samples) were obtained from 21 farms distributed in four geographical regions in Colombia. Salmonella spp. microbiological and molecular detection were determined by two Salmonella spp. MDS3M™ and MALDI-TOF MS assays, respectively. In addition, for serological evaluation 231 serum samples were analyzed employing ELISA Salmonella Pigtype®-Salmonella Ab (QUIAGEN®). Additionally, 41 isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using broth microdilution technique (Panel B1016-180 Beckman Coulter NC72®) and verified with WHONET 2016 software. Risk factors were assessed from a survey and analyzed for statistical significance by U Mann-Whitney test. An 8.9% prevalence (n=45) and 38.1% (n=88) seroprevalence were determined. All isolates presented 100% antimicrobial susceptibility against amikacin. However, resistance against penicillin, tetracycline, cefuroxime and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole was present in more than 50% of evaluated strains. Risk factors associated with Salmonella spp. presence were surface water use, rough-surfaced on floors, presence of hoppers as feeders and worker’s boots. Bacteria were present in animals and environmental samples from evaluated farms. Animal contact and/or exposure with the microorganism were also evident in obtained serological response. Bacteria presence depended on management practices and infrastructure, likewise antibiotic use, supplemented in the diet may have induced an increase in Salmonella spp. antimicrobial resistance.

Objective. To determine the correlation between microbiological culture and otic cytology for diagnoses of external otitis by Malassezia in dogs. Materials and methods. 158 ear swabs of dogs with clinical diagnosis of external otitis were analyzed by cytology, mycological culture and metabolic tests. Results. Were obtained a positive results by cytology of 62% and 75.3% by culture. The 31.1% of isolates were identified as M. pachydermatis, 12.6% as M. furfur and 56.3% were classified as Malassezia spp., because was not possible to define the species. We found a positive concordance between cytology and culture for Malassezia spp., of 0.76 with a kappa index of 0.448 (95% CI 0.30 to 0.60) which represents a moderate strength of concordance between the two techniques, without regard the identified species. Conclusions. The use of a diagnostic test is not enough to establish the participation of Malassezia spp., as a causal disease agent. Key words: Canis familiaris, diagnostic techniques, Malassezia, otitis externa (Source: CAB). RESUMENObjetivo. Determinar la concordancia entre el cultivo microbiológico y la citología ótica para el diagnóstico de otitis externa causada por Malassezia spp. en caninos. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 158 muestras de hisopados de caninos con diagnóstico clínico de otitis externa, todas las muestras fueron analizadas mediante citología, cultivo micológico y pruebas metabólicas. Resultados. Se obtuvo una positividad mediante citología del 62% y por cultivo del 75.3%. El 31.1% de los aislamientos fueron identificados como M. pachydermatis, el 12.6% como M. furfur y un 56.3% se clasificó como Malassezia spp., dado que bioquímicamente no fue posible hallar su especie. Se determinó una concordancia observada entre técnicas positivas para Malassezia spp. de 0.76 con índice Kappa de 0.448 IC 95% (0.30 -0.60) lo que representa una fuerza de concordancia moderada entre las dos técnicas, sin tener en cuenta la especie identificada. Conclusiones. El uso de una prueba diagnóstica no es suficiente para establecer la participación de Malassezia pachydermatis como agente causal de enfermedad.Palabras clave: Canis familiaris, técnicas diagnósticas, Malassezia, otitis externa (Fuente: CAB). ORIGINALRev. MVZ Córdoba 20(3):4720-4725, 2015.

No abstract

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue determinar la presencia de anticuerpos frente a patógenos de cerdos que representan riesgo en salud pública por su potencial zoonótico (Salmonella spp, Leptospira interrogans, Yersinia spp, Trichinella spp y Toxoplasma gondii) en sueros porcinos obtenidos en cuatro granjas porcícolas semi-tecnificadas de Cundinamarca, Colombia. Se colectaron 89 muestras de sangre y se analizaron utilizando los estuches de ELISA para diagnóstico Pigtype®-Salmonella Ab, Pigtype®–Yopscreen, Pigtype®–Toxoplasma Ab y Pigtype®–Trichinella (QuiaGen®). La detección de anticuerpos frente a Leptospira spp se realizó mediante la prueba de microaglutinación lisis (MAT). La presencia de anticuerpos frente a Salmonella spp se observó en el 40% de las muestras, mientras que para Yersinia spp y Toxoplasma gondii fue de 18% y 1.1% respectivamente. Todas las granjas fueron positivas a por lo menos uno de los 13 serovares de Leptospira interrogans y ninguna de las muestras fue positiva para Trichinella spp. Se concluye que los cerdos en el estudio han tenido contacto en algún momento de su ciclo productivo con la mayoría de los patógenos zoonóticos evaluados, lo que puede representar un riesgo para la salud pública y la producción porcícola.

The genus Fusarium is widely recognized for its phytopathogenic capacity. However, it has been reported as an opportunistic pathogen in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Thus, it can be considered a microorganism of interest in pathogenicity studies on different hosts. Therefore, this work evaluated the pathogenicity of Fusarium spp. isolates from different origins in plants and animals (murine hosts). Twelve isolates of Fusarium spp. from plants, animal superficial mycoses, and human superficial and systemic mycoses were inoculated in tomato, passion fruit and carnation plants, and in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed BALB/c mice. Pathogenicity tests in plants did not show all the symptoms associated with vascular wilt in the three plant models; however, colonization and necrosis of the vascular bundles, regardless of the species and origin of the isolates, showed the infective potential of Fusarium spp. in different plant species. Moreover, the pathogenicity tests in the murine model revealed behavioral changes. It was noteworthy that only five isolates (different origin and species) caused mortality. Additionally, it was observed that all isolates infected and colonized different organs, regardless of the species and origin of the isolates or host immune status. In contrast, the superficial inoculation test showed no evidence of epidermal injury or colonization. The observed results in plant and murine models suggest the pathogenic potential of Fusarium spp. isolates in different types of hosts. However, further studies on pathogenicity are needed to confirm the multihost capacity of this genus.

The objectives of this retrospective study were to determine the main acid-base and electrolytes disorders in hospitalized cattle, using both Henderson-Hasselbalch and the physicochemical approach and to compare their diagnostic and therapeutic utility. A total of 31 medical records were reviewed of bovines admitted to the Large Animal Hospital at Universidad Nacional de Colombia, that met the inclusion criteria of the measurement of blood gases, blood electrolytes and plasma protein on admission before providing any treatment. Using the Henderson-Hasselbalch approach, acid base abnormalities were found in 83.3% of the patients, compared to 93.5% using the physicochemical approach. The principal acid-base disorders found were strong ion acidosis (61.29%) and weak acid acidosis (38.7%); strong ion gap (SIG) acidosis was found in 73.68% of cases showing strong ion acidosis. These results highlight the importance of the diagnosis of acid-base disorders in sick cattle for proper recognition of pathophysiological phenomena and its understanding to guide treatment decisions.

<p><strong> </strong> <strong>Objective.</strong> To determine the prevalence of dermatological, ear and ophthalmological alterations clinically suspected to be caused by fungi and to analyze their occurrence demographically. <strong>Materials and methods.</strong> We carried out a retrospective study in a clinic in Bogota for small animals. We reviewed the medical histories of patients who requested medical appointments due to dermatological, ear and ophtalmological alterations in 2009 and 2010. <strong>Results.</strong> In the assessed period, the prevalence of dermatological alterations in dogs was of 7.8%, 4.2% of ear alterations and of 3.3% of ophtalmological alterations. The main etiological suspects through clinical diagnosis were: dermatophytes with an incidence of 86.9% among dermatological alterations, <em>Malassezia</em> with an 86.5% of incidence in ear alterations, and <em>Candida</em> with 83.3% of incidence in ophtalmological alterations. Statistical analysis of variables showed no association with symptoms or clinically diagnosed etiological agents, but the categorized evaluation showed associations of races and ages with the etiologies through clinical diagnosis. The diagnosis of fungal etiologies was accomplished in most cases by clinical findings and less frequently by skin scrapings and ear cytology; in none of the cases a mycological culture was done. The feline population showed no dermatological, ear or ophtalmological alterations compatible with a fungal etiology.  <strong>Conclusion.</strong> In canines, the prevalence of dermatological alterations clinically compatible with dermatophytes was of 86.9%; ear alterations associated with <em>Malassezia</em> were of 86.5%; and ophtalmological alterations <em>Candida</em>-suspected were 83.3%. Final diagnoses were accomplished with the help of clinical findings without following standard diagnostic methodologies such as cultivation.</p> <p><strong>Key words: </strong>canines, felines, dermatophytes, <em>Malassezia</em>, <em>Candida</em></p> <p><em> </em></p><br />

Salmonellosis is a foodborne disease (FBD) that affects public health and can cause death in people. Many outbreaks of Salmonellosis have been reported due to the contamination of raw milk and dairy products with the pathogen. To determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in milk samples from four dairy herds in the Sabana of Bogotá in 2017, 112 milk samples were taken directly from the mammary gland during milking. All milk samples were cultured and tested to isolate and identify Salmonella spp. using microbiological and molecular methods. Salmonella spp. prevalence of milk samples was found to be 20.5% (n=23). The main Salmonella serovars isolated were S. Newport (60.87%), S. Typhimurium (17.4%), S. Virchow, S. Bredeney, and S. Anatum (4.3% each one of the serovars). However, it was not possible to determine the Salmonella serotype in two isolates. The prevalence of Salmonella spp. in milk has not been studied extensively in Colombia. The 20.5% in the prevalence might be due to fact that the sample was taken directly from the mammary gland allowing a better chance of isolation by avoiding the dilutional effect of mixed milk from different cows in the buckets. This also suggests that the infection of the udder could have occurred by hematogenous dissemination or by milking machine contamination. This study highlights the need to implement measures to prevent contamination and reduce the problem in the herds, which will result in milk and dairy products with high standards of innocuity and quality and decrease the risk of foodborne illness.