A transferosome is the first generation of an elastic liposome prepared from phospholipids and edge activators. An edge activator is often a single-chain surfactant with a high radius of curvature that destabilizes the lipid bilayers of vesicles and increases the deformability of the bilayers, thereby making the vehicle ultra-deformable. Losartan potassium is an orally active angiotensin-II receptor antagonist used in the treatment of hypertension due to mainly blockade of AT1 receptor. It is freely soluble in water, slightly soluble in acetonitrile, and soluble in isopropyl alcohol. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of transfersomal gel formulations for transdermal delivery of losartan potassium by reverse phase evaporation method. Characterization of transfersomes gel performed by vesicle size, pH measurements, drug content, entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug diffusion study, spreadability and stability study. In the formulations pH is found to be around 6.8 to 6.9, pH is found in the range of 6 which is compatible with skin. In the formulations spreadability is found to be around 6.75 to 10.11 g m cm/sec. The prepared gel containing losartan potassium-loaded transfersomal formulation was optimized and can be use for topical preparation. The results were obtained which showed that transfersomal gel was a promising candidate for transdermal delivery with targeted and prolonged release of a drug. It also enhances skin permeation of many drugs.
Keywords: Transferosome gel, Losartan potassium, Antihypertensives, Reverse phase evaporation method
The primary objective of this paper is to provide an overview of existing Concatenative Text-To-Speech synthesis techniques. Concatenative speech synthesis can be broadly categorized into three categories, Diphone Based, Corpus based and Hybrid. Diphone based speech synthesis relies on different signal processing techniques such as PSOLA, FD-PSOLA etc. These signal processing techniques introduce unwanted artifacts in the synthesized speech. The most popularly used method is the Unit selection synthesis which is a corpus based synthesis method. This method produces the most natural sounding synthetic speech.
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