Objectives: To explore the perception of postgraduate public health students regarding e-learning in context to Covid-19 pandemic and its effect on their academic performances Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Sarhad Institute of Health Science, SUIT Peshawar from 3rd October 2020 to 4th February 2021. The Census method was incorporated for sample selection. Participation in the study was subjected to consent by participants. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version-26. Results: Out of 95 participants, 72 (75.8%) were males and 23 (24.2%) were females. The mean grade point average (GPA) of previous semester-1 and semester-2, when they were having a conventional education system on campus before the pandemic was 2.741±0.499 and 2.643±.498 respectively. The current mean GPA of semesters 1, 2, and 3 who had online classes during this pandemic was 2.41±0.66, 3.06±0.51, and 2.80±0.47 respectively. Fifty-one (53.7%) students preferred to use mobile for e-learning. Convenience to the use-learning management system (LMS) was 67.4% and 72.6% responded that their academic performance was positively affected by e-learning. Logistic regression revealed that source of learning (p 0.99), uninterrupted internet (p 0.87), convenience with LMS (p 0.17), stress (p 0.505), convenient communication with faculty (p 0.69), and compatibility with professional routine (p 0.21) were not significantly associated with good academic performance, however, students of semester 2 (p 0.001) and those using laptops (p 0.02) were more likely to get a GPA of 3.0 or above Conclusions: Students in this study had a positive perception regarding e-learning however, there is a definite need to amalgamate both online and on-campus learning modalities for post-graduate students especially during the uncertain situations. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4626 How to cite this:Aleem S, Mahsood N, Kibria Z, Gul R. Perception of Master of Public Health Students regarding E-Learning in Covid-19 Era: A New Normal in Lower- and Middle-Income Countries. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(3):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.3.4626 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Objective: To assess the oral health status of 10-15-year-old children enrolled in government schools. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 11 months from March 2020 till Feb 2021 among children aged 10-15 years going to government schools in Kheshgi Payan District Nowshera KPK. Multi stage sampling technique was incorporated. Children of age 10 -15 years were included and those above or below this age group were excluded from study. Pre-Validated WHO oral health assessment tool was used for this study. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 24. Results: Data from 200 students 100 each from girls’ and boys’ schools was collected. Majority of students 21% (n=42) were of 12 years of age. The mean age was 12.58 ±1.64. A total of 59% children had sound dentition. Caries was present in (n=44) male and (n=29) female children. There was a significant association between the gender and the dentition of the children (p 0.005). Gingivitis and periodontitis were prevalent in 20% of the study participants. Conclusion: This study concludes significant association between gender and dentition of the children. Over all the oral hygiene of the children was found to be satisfactory.
BACKGROUND: School going children are one of the neglected public health sectors and thus lead toimproper nutrition and are at potential risk for growth and developmental problems starting from earlylife, and eventually affecting their physical and mental status, so this study was conducted to highlightmalnutrition problems among school going children.OBJECTIVES: To find the prevalence of malnutrition in school going children of university campusPeshawar.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 school goingchildren of university campus Peshawar; during April to August 2013. Two schools of male children ofage four to twelve years were included while female children, migrants, and those having anypathological conditions were excluded. Weight and height were measured and body mass indexcalculated using standard procedures of anthropometric measurements. After that the individual BMIwere categorized according to the international standards.RESULTS: The prevalence of malnutrition in our study was 37% among 4 to 12 years school agechildren of university campus Peshawar. The prevalence of under nutrition was found in 30%; out ofwhich 18% were slightly underweight, 10% were moderately underweight and only 2% were severelyunderweight, while only 7% were overweight.CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of malnutrition was more (37%) among four to twelve years schoolgoing children of University campus Peshawar and approximately 63% were normal on themeasurements of BMI calculated.• KEY WORDS: Prevalence, Malnutrition, Underweight, Children.
Objective: To explore their perception how patient safety is being addressed in undergraduate and post graduate medical curriculum Methods: This was descriptive survey; using the universal sampling technique a questionnaire based survey was conducted with 80 post graduate residentss in two selected tertiary care hospitals to determine their attitude towards the patient’s safety measures. A tested questionnaire was used to collected data. Descriptive statistics were obtained by using SPSS software version 20. Results: out of total 80 participants 16% were female and 84% were male having clinical experience ranged from 2-5 years. Regarding the attitude varying responses were reported. 17(21.3%) were strongly agreed that Making errors in medicine is inevitable, similarly 52(65%) were also strongly agreed that consciousness after encountering with error could reduce the occurrence. 29(36.3%) were strongly agreed that Competent physicians do not make medical errors, regarding morality 55(68.8%) were strongly agrees the patient safety is our moral responsibility. however they indicated that there is lack of proper reporting system which act as barrier. Less than half of the participants were in support of routinely report medical errors. 58(72.5%) reported with disagreement regarding reporting the medical error. The document review shows that there is no specific slot delegated to the patient safety measure in the curriculum of Postgraduate as well as undergraduate medical curriculum however they has addressed the topic indirectly to some extent. Conclusion: It is concluded that the participants (Trainees medical officers) had positive attitude towards the patient safety. Although they are aware about patient safety however has varying interpretations depending upon the case and situation. The medical errors being inevitable aspects is broadly associated with; the human factor, system and management factors which have further multi-facets linkages, contributing to medical error. The main reason for the patient safety concerns is due to the gap between what WHO recommended about patient safety and the curricular contents of undergraduate and postgraduate medical studies in Pakistan
BACKGROUND: Smoking is a major public health problem and is one of the major preventable causesof premature deaths and diseases in the world. Fourteen to sixteen year olds are among a vulnerablegroup of individuals in society and susceptible to cigarette smoking. The objective was to find out theprevalence of cigarette smoking in the 10-19 year old students.Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four randomly selected public and privateschools of Peshawar in 2014. 500 students between 10 to 19 years participated in the study throughsimple random sampling technique. Data was analyzed on Excel.Result: Of the total 130(26%) smoked and majority belonged to low socioeconomic status. 70(53.84%)started smoking at the age of 14-16 years. The study revealed that adolescents are adequately aware ofthe harms of smoking. Overall the level of awareness was found unsatisfactory. Parents can set apositive example for their children by not smoking themselves, and keeping their homes smoke-free alsoschools can provide tobacco prevention programs to educate students about the dangers of smoking.Keywords: Smoking, Prevalence, Socioeconomic, Awareness, Initiation.
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