ObjectiveAlthough cervical cancer is a preventable disease, it remains a leading cause of death among women in developing countries. In this unmatched case control design, 55 cases and 109 controls were included. The main objective of this study was to assess the risk factors of precancerous cervical lesion in Adama town.ResultsA total of 164 participants were recruited in this study. Of the 109 controls, 64 (61%) and 41 (39%) of cases were using oral contraception. Women who were using oral contraception were two times at risk for developing precancerous cervical lesion than who were not using (COR = 2.059 95% CI 1.006, 4.216; AOR = 2.342). Out of 55 cases, 21 (38.2%) cases had a history STI and out of 109 controls, 24 (22.2%) controls had a history of STI. It was revealed that STI has a significant association for developing of precancerous lesion. Women who had a history of STI were two times at risk of developing precancerous cervical lesion than who had no (COR = 2.187; AOR = 2.485). It was found that initiation of sexual intercourse before the age of 15 years has 5.6 risks to develop precancerous cervical lesion (COR = 5.625 AOR = 6.703).Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s13104-018-3244-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Background: Vertical HIV transmission from mother-to-child accounts for more than 90% of pediatric HIV/AIDS infection. Virtual elimination of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV is possible by giving comprehensive prevention of HIV/AIDS mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) care. The objective of this study was to assess Option B+ (initiation of antiretroviral therapy for all pregnant mothers) PMTCT service intervention and outcomes in selected health facilities of Adama town, Ethiopia. Methods: A retrospective study was employed. A total of 248 medical records of mother–infant cohorts were included. Data wer collected from logbooks and/or records and individual medical records using a data abstraction tool. Results: Mean±SD age of mothers was 26.8±4.3 years. Half (50.8%) of the mothers were enrolled in PMTCT at 13–24 weeks of gestational age. The majority (79.6%) of mothers’ CD4 counts were ≥351/mm 3 . Most of the mothers (71%) were on a tenofovir–lamivudine–evafrenz regimen. One-quarter of mothers were prescribed co-trimoxazole prophylactic therapy. Loss to follow-up from the Option B+ continuum was 10 (4.2%). Almost all (98.4%) of the infants were prescribed nevirapine prophylaxis. Nearly 90% (n=223) of the HIV-exposed infants were discharged as HIV negative. Conclusions: The Option B+ PMTCT service can minimize the chances of MTCT of HIV infection if used optimally. The magnitudes of loss to follow-up and death were lower than in comparable studies. Initiating all pregnant mothers on antiretroviral therapy irrespective of their clinical stage and CD4 count may have contributed to the optimal retention in care and near elimination of MTCT of HIV infection.

Background: Several studies reported that breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, and is the principal cause of cancer deaths and is therefore, a world concern. Early detection of breast cancer using breast self-examination (BSE) plays an important role in decreasing its morbidity and mortality. Objective:To assess the level of knowledge of breast cancer and practice of breast self-examination among female students in Rift Valley University. Methods and Materials:Cross-sectional study design was employed. A total of 423 female students were included. Stratified sampling method was used. Students were divided into two strata, as health science students and non-health science students. A pretested structured self-administered questionnaire was used to collect the data. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Binary and Multiple logistic regressions were performed. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI was used to measure the strength of association. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05Results: Most of the respondents (94.1%) were with age of 20-30 years. The mean score knowledge about breast cancer was 6.5. Out of 423 female students, 59.8% of them had a good knowledge about breast cancer. Half of them (54.4%) reported that they had heard about breast self-examination while 25.8% reported that they had practiced breast self-examination before. Students who had family history of breast cancer were more likely knowledgeable than who hadn't family history of breast cancer (COR=3.042, AOR=1.225, 95% CI=1.636-5.656).Conclusions: Nearly half of them had poor knowledge about breast cancer. Majority of them had poor knowledge how to perform breast self-examination and most of them didn't perform breast self-examination before.

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