Background: The present study was concerned with the control (advantage concept) of five most problematic invasive species (Arctium lappa, Datura innoxia, Lantana camara, Prosopis juliflora and Retama raetam) in Egypt. The main objective is to manage and control these species by maximizing and researching their medicinal, agricultural and economic profits. Different approaches of interest were carried out through the probable use of A. lappa, D. innoxia and P. juliflora in medicine as anticancer agents. Results: From the agriculture sustainability point of view, high extract concentration levels of L. camara was used with success to suppress and reduce the germination and growth of Phalaris minor (noxious weed in wheat fields) to be used as ecofriendly bioherbicides. Contrariwise, R. raetam was applied on specific low extract concentration to increase the productivity of some crop species such as Hordeum vulgare under water shortage strategies via stimulating the drought resistance. Conclusion: It is possible to set up various factories for this purpose with the aim of transforming these plants from types harmful to the environment and humans into exporting types for many products that are used medically and agriculturally.
Weed control in crop cultivations is a sustainable approach that can contribute to a reduction in pesticide use as part of an integrated pest management strategy. This study was conducted to evaluate the bio-herbicidal potential of shoot system of Ononis vaginalis Vahl. on Rumex dentatus L.; a major pest of broad bean (Vicia faba L.). General phytochemical screening of O. vaginalis showed an abundant production of allelochemicals as secondary metabolites which may play a role as natural herbicides. Germination and growth bioassays were conducted to investigate the effect of aqueous and crude powder of the donor species on some germination and growth parameters. Results showed that there was no significant effect of low concentrations on seed germination of V. faba in both pure and mixed cultures on contrarily to those recorded for R. dentatus; gradual decrease with increasing O. vaginalis concentrations in both cultures. On the other hand, total phenolics in V. faba shoot and root showed an increase under different treatments except in high concentration treatment. While in R. dentatus, total phenolics and flavonoids fractions in root of V. faba were decreased in response to different concentration treatments. On the other hand, flavonoids increase in shoots of R. dentatus, while decreasing in roots in mixed culture under high concentration treatments. In conclusion, the study confirmed the integration of O. vaginalis in existing weed control management systems. O. vaginalis could be further tested for suppression of weed growth under field conditions.
Purpose Weed control is a technique attempts to stop or reduce growth of noxious weeds, with the aim of reducing their competition with desired crop and in natural settings preventing nonnative species competing with native ones. The essential oils and aqueous extracts from Rosmarinus officinalis (Rosemary) and Thymus vulgaris (Thyme), have been investigated as bioherbicides to suppress two weeds; Chenopodium albumand Echinochloa crus-galli associated with two important economic crops; Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Oryza sativa (rice) respectively. Methods Petri-dish experiment was performed and 10, 20, 50, and 100% aqueous solution and doses of 0, 2, 4, 8 and 16 µL of essential oil per petri dishes were applied. Number of germinated seeds in each Petri dish was counted daily. After 15 days, germination percentage, germination velocity, speed of germination, germination energy, germination index, mean germination time as well as seedling shoot length, root length, shoot root ratio and seedling vigour index were recorded. The chemical profile for both essential oils were identified with GC-MS analysis. Results Eucalyptol (1,8-cineole), α-pinene and camphor were identified as the dominant constituents of the rosemary essential oil. The detected major components of thyme essential oil were Thymol, o-Cymene, caryophyllene and gamma-terpinene. The results showed that thyme essential oils had the most negative effect by inhibiting the germination of weeds. Both rosemary and thyme essential oil caused a generally reducing effect on growth parameters of weeds. Conclusions Essential oil of rosemary and thyme had allelopathic potential and should be assessed as allelopathic agents to be used for weed control.
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