The experience of modern warfare and the results of scientific research show that an important and most effective means of solving the tasks of special physical training of military personnel is the use of physical exercises and sports, which are the closest in terms of the movements used and the nature of physical exertion to their military professional activities. One of these is military applied all-around and, above all, military pentathlon. Taking it allows you to adequately develop the necessary physical and special qualities, to form important military-applied skills, to improve professional techniques and actions, and to educate the moral and mental qualities of military personnel. The purposeof the work is to study the state of development of physical qualities and the formation of military-applied motor skills in the types of activities of military pentathlon, which belong to athletics. Research material and methods. To achieve this goal, a complex of scientific research methods was applied, namely: general scientific (analysis of scientific and methodical literature), pedagogical (testing, experiment), sociological (written survey using a questionnaire), mathematical statistics methods. 300 cadet athletes from various higher military educational institutions took part in the study. To achieve this goal, a complex of scientific research methods was applied, namely: general scientific (analysis of scientific and methodical literature), pedagogical (testing, experiment), sociological (written survey using a questionnaire), mathematical statistics methods. 300 cadet athletes from various higher military educational institutions took part in the study. Results. The conducted studies objectively show that in the process of developing applied sports skills, the qualities and skills we are studying are improved. The greater the difference in the level of sports preparation, the greater the difference in these indicators. Thus, the physical qualities of athletes of I and higher ranks have significant differences (p<0.05) compared to athletes who do not have sports ranks, in the development of speed by 10.7 %; speed endurance by 14.2 %; special endurance by 13.6 %; absolute hand strength by 29.8 %; relative hand strength by 30.9 %; in the development of speed and strength qualities (long jump from a standing position) by 14.6 %; throwing a grenade at a range of 42.8 %; throwing grenades with an accuracy of 60 %; shot put by 18 %. Conclusions. The conducted research allows us to state that the obtained results reflect the external and internal mechanism of adaptation of athletes in the process of developing sportsmanship
Exercise should ensure the formation of a sufficient level of indicators of the functional status of servicemen. Reducing the hours of training in the discipline “Physical Education and Special Physical Training” for cadets of higher education leads to a deterioration of their performance not only physical fitness but also functional status. The purpose of the work is to determine the impact of reducing the time of physical exercises on the indicators of the functional state of university cadets. To achieve this goal we used a set of scientific research methods, namely: general scientific (analysis of scientific and methodological literature), pedagogical (testing), medical and biological (pulsometry, dynamometry, anthropometry, spirometry, spirography, bicycle ergometry), methods of mathematical statistics. The study involved 72 cadets, evenly divided into two groups, those who studied under the program with four hours of physical education (group 1; n = 36) and graduates who studied at the university under the program – 2 hours of physical education training (group 2; n = 36). Testing was conducted during the annual medical examination of cadets. In total, more than 65 sources of information were analyzed, followed by a final review and 21 sources of literature, including 4 foreign authors, the material of which was processed using general scientific methods. Results. During the study we found that graduates of group 1, both at rest and in the process of exercise and recovery after exercise, the functional state of the body in terms of significantly better than graduates of group 2 (p<0.05-0.001). This is manifested in less activity of physiological functions during exercise and faster recovery after exercise. Conclusions. Reduction of hours for physical education classes has a significant negative impact on the functional status of future officers of the Armed Forces of Ukraine (p<0.05-0.001). It is necessary to improve the program of physical training of cadets in order to improve their functional condition and efficiency
The study objective consist in studied the structure, which marked the change in the general physical fitness of the same girls throughout the period of their studies at the military academy. Materials and Methods. The study involved 108 girls, their age at the beginning of the study was 17-18 years. Taking into account the recommendations of experts, a battery of tests was used to assess the development of basic motor skills. Testing took place at the beginning of each new school year. Results. Received evidence of this. During the training at the military academy, the general physical fitness of girls changes every year, which has its own structure with features that depend on the year of study. The first such structure is determined by static strength endurance, flexibility, speed qualities, and muscular force, during the second year of study – static strength endurance, aerobic endurance, and coordination in cyclic locomotions, during the third – flexibility, explosive force, and aerobic endurance, during the fourth – muscle strength, speed, and aerobic endurance. Conclusions. Establishing the structure of physical fitness of girls – future officers during each year of study at the military academy is an important task. To improve the general physical fitness of girls – future officers, it is advisable to design the content of the program, taking into account the results. The program should focus on the development of motor skills that form a certain structure of change in the general physical fitness of girls in a given year of study.
У статті визначено проблему профілактики травм в спорті. Розглянуто внутрішні та зовнішні чинники виникнення спортивних травм. Проаналізовано вплив найхарактерніших чинників та їх поєднання на імовірність виникнення гострих травмах і втомних пошкоджень та захворювань. Розглянуто внутрішні та зовнішні механізми спортивної травми. Проаналізовано фізичні, психологічні, психосоціальні чинники виникнення спортивної травми. Проаналізовано вплив інших учасників, структури тренувальної програми, умов навколишнього середовища, екіпіровки, рідини, живлення і харчових добавок, харчового статуса, допінга, гігієни на виникнення травм в спорті. Розглянуто рівень фізичної підготовленості після травми.
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