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This report outlines the results of a study of severe road traffic accidents in Norway, triggered by drivers at work. The aim has been to examine whether and to what extent risk factors of these triggering drivers and their vehicles can be traced back to work-related factors. The study is based on data from the Accident Analysis Groups (AAG) of the Norwegian Public Roads Administration (NPRA), reports from The Transport Accident Investigation Board Norway (AIBN) and interviews with nine experts. The quantitative analysis of AAG data shows that too high speed for the circumstances, failure to use seat belt and insufficient information gathering were the most important risk factors in fatal accidents triggered by drivers at work. The qualitative analysis of reports from AIBN and expert interviews uncovered the following work-related factors considered central for traffic safety: follow up of drivers' speed, driving style and use of seat belt, pay systems, safety culture, risk assessments, procedures/work descriptions and training. The AIBN reports and the interviews indicate that the following framework conditions influence traffic safety: time pressure, competition, type of transport, accident investigations/inspections. The majority of the interviewees held that work-related factors with potential implications for traffic safety are insufficiently monitored in controls and inspections.

Nitroguanidine, HN=C(NH2)NHN02, was first prepared by Jousselin1 by dissolving guanidine nitrate in concentrated sulfuric acid, when the compound separated upon dilution with water. More recently several articles2 have appeared concerning this compound. It is used principally as an explosive. Thiele23 prepared nitrosoguanidine as well as aminoguanidine, HN=C(NH2)NHNH2, by reduction of nitroguanidine. Hofmann and Stollé3 and also Pellizzari and co-workers4 prepared diaminoguanidine hydrochloride, HN=C(NHNH2)2-HC1, by the action of cyanogen chloride on hydrazine in ethereal or aqueous solutions. Pellizzari and Gaiter5 also prepared triaminoguanidine by treating guanidine or its monoor diamino derivative with the calculated amount of hydrazine. This work was verified and a good yield of triaminoguanidine obtained by heating an alcoholic solution of guanidine nitrate and hydrazine at 100°for five hours.Apparently nitro-aminoguanidine, HN=C(NHN02)NHNH2, has never been prepared, as no reference to it was found in the literature. In 1920, while working on guanidine compounds, it was found that an interesting substance formed when nitroguanidine was heated with a solution of hydrazine. This substance is the subject of the present investigation. Preparation of Nitro-aminoguanidineThe nitroguanidine used in this experiment was prepared by dissolving guanidine nitrate in coned, sulfuric acid, and pouring this solution into ice water. The crystals obtained were twice recrystallized from water.2c,eHydrazine sulfate, 32.53 g., was placed in a 2000-cc. Erlenmeyer flask with 200 cc. of distilled water and 500 cc. of N ammonia water. When the hydrazine sulfate had dissolved, 26 g. of nitroguanidine was added. The flask was then heated to 50-60°, during which time the nitroguanidine went into solution, nitrous oxide gas began to evolve and the reaction liquor turned to an orange-red color. In about one hour at the above temperature, gas ceased to form and the liquor was rapidly evaporated to about one-third its volume. On cooling, a white crystalline powder separated which was filtered off, washed with cold water and dried in the air; yield, 13.1 g. This was purified by dissolving in boiling water containing decolorizing carbon, and filtering. Upon chill-1 (a)

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