Total lipid contents and fatty acid composition of 13 marine fish species namely, "jenahak" (Lutianus agentimaculatus), "kebasi" (Anadontostoma chacunda), "duri" (Arius cumatranus), "tenggiri batang" (Scomberomorus commersoni), "kembong" (Rastrelliger kanagurta), "kintan" or "sebalah" (Psettodes crumei), "kerisi" (Pristipomodes typus), "kerapu" (Epinephelus sexfasciatus), "gelama kling" (Sciaena dussumieri), "malong" (Congresax talabon), "laban" (Cynoglossus lingua), "yu 9" (Scolidon sorrakowah) and "bagi" (Aacnthurs nigrosis) commonly found in Pulau Tuba, one of the islands surrounding the popular tourist destination Langkawi in Malaysia were determined. All fish showed a considerable amount of unsaturated fatty acids particularly those with 4, 5 and 6 double bonds. Two physiologically important n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), i.e. eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docasahaexaenoic acid (DHA), made up of more than 50% of the total PUFAs. For saturated fatty acids, palmitic was found to be the major one in all types of fish studied. Based on DHA, EPA and arachidonic acid (AA) contents, "gelama kling" was found to be the best source (23, 11 and 7%, respectively) followed by "kerapu" (21, 10, 9%) and "sebalah" (19, 14, 4%).
Our results show that B. angulata fruit is beneficial in positively influencing and managing oxidative damage.
The ability to ask and answer questions is central to learning. Questioning is one of the thinking processes that can stimulate critical thinking among students. However, it can be seen that students have yet to master the questioning skill and are still in the lower order thinking (LOTs) questions. Therefore, this research aims to improve students questioning after the implementation of Hikmah Pedagogy. The research will reveal student's improvement in critical thinking through the evidence from student's questions. The subjects of the study consist of 27 students who are chosen to participate in the implementation of Hikmah Pedagogy. The results show an improvement where the students were able to produce questions from lower order thinking questions (LOTs) to higher order thinking questions (HOTs) according to Hierarchy of Bloom's Taxonomy. This research recommends teacher to apply Hikmah Pedagogy in order to enhance critical thinking among students.
This study aims to document species presence and distribution of sea cucumbers (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) in Malaysia. Several coral reef habitats in Peninsular Malaysia, West Malaysia and Sabah, East Malaysia were selected as study sites. In summary, the present data showed the presence of 50 species of sea cucumbers from three orders and seven genera, with 34 species require further species identification. It was found that Order Aspidochirotida in general and genus Holothuria in particular were the major species classes. The most dominant species in Malaysia was Holothuria leucospilota. As many as 37 species were found in Sabah, 21 species were recorded in Peninsular Malaysia and 10 species were present in both regions. Of 15 Actinopyga species, 14 species recorded were from Sabah. These findings may be due to the extensive distribution of coral reefs and low level of marine pollution. However, the possibility of biogeography factors within and out of the Sunda Platform area cannot be ruled out. In contrast, low level of species diversity was observed in few study sites in Peninsular Malaysia especially in Langkawi Island possibly due to anthropogenic threats. Future studies including more study sites and molecular phylogeny are to be incorporated in order to obtain better view on the presence and distribution of sea cucumbers in Malaysia. ABSTRAKKajian ini bertujuan untuk mendokumentasi kewujudan dan taburan spesis timun laut (Ekinodermata: Holothuroidea) di Malaysia. Beberapa habitat batu karang di Semenanjung Malaysia, Malaysia Barat dan Sabah, Malaysia Timur telah dipilih sebagai kawasan kajian. Sebagai rumusan, data terkini menunjukkan kehadiran 50 spesis timun laut dari tiga order dan tujuh genus di seluruh Malaysia, di mana 34 spesis memerlukan pengesahan lanjut. Order Aspidokirotida amnya dan genus Holothuria khususnya menunjukkan kehadiran spesis yang tertinggi. Holothuria leucospilota secara bandingannya adalah spesis paling dominan di Malaysia. Sebanyak 37 spesis telah dijumpai di Sabah, 21 spesis direkodkan di Semenanjung Malaysia dan 10 spesis ditemui di kedua-dua kawasan tersebut. Daripada 15 spesis Actinopyga yang direkodkan, 14 spesis adalah dari Sabah. Penemuan ini mungkin disebabkan taburan batu karang yang luas dan tahap pencemaran laut yang rendah. Walau bagaimanapun, kebarangkalian faktor-faktor biogeografi di dalam atau di luar Pentas Sunda perlu diambilkira. Sebaliknya, kepelbagaian spesis di beberapa kawasan di Semenanjung Malaysia didapati rendah terutamanya di Pulau Langkawi kemungkinan disebabkan oleh ancaman manusia. Kajian lanjut melibatkan lebih banyak kawasan kajian dan filogeni molekul akan dijalankan pada masa hadapan untuk mendapatkan gambaran lebih jelas mengenai kehadiran dan taburan timun laut di Malaysia.
The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of Philosophy for Children (P4C) in improving critical thinking among students. The study was conducted via the quasi-experimental research comprising of 27 students placed in the experimental group while the remaining 34 students in the control group. The instrument used was the Ujian Kemahiran Menaakul (Test for Reasoning Skills) Centre for Teaching Thinking (UKMCTT). Based on the statistical t-test on critical thinking, the treatment group scored a higher mean in the post-test mean score compared to the control group, which suggests that P4C had helped to improve students' critical thinking. The application of P4C allows students to think or reflect on the consequences of the action or assumption they made in their discussion. Simultaneously, it provides career advancement for the teachers by providing the classroom with a new strategy and renewed energy and enthusiasm.
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