The speaking skills of BIPA 1 learners include the ability to pronounce Indonesian phonemes accurately. The accuracy of phoneme pronunciation is not only intended for fluency in speaking, but so that students are able to distinguish the meaning of words. By utilizing a qualitative descriptive approach, this study aims to describe the pronunciation of BIPA learners in Egypt in a speaking ability test. This pronunciation description indicates the ability of BIPA learners to recognize vocabulary, the meaning of words, as well as the difficulty of pronunciation in tests of speaking ability. The results of this study indicate that beginner BIPA learners in Egypt have difficulty at the phonological level, namely the phonetic articulation of consonant sounds / b /, / p /, / ŋ /, / ɲ /, / k /, / ʔ / and consistently having difficulty to map sound / b / to / p /. In addition, it tends to double the sound / ŋ / with / ɡ /, also avoiding the sound / ɲ /.Abstrak: Kemahiran berbicara pemelajar BIPA 1 mencakup kemampuan melafalkan fonem bahasa Indonesia dengan jitu. Ketepatan pelafalan fonem tidak semata ditujukan untuk kelancaran berbicara, namun agar pemelajar mampu membedakan makna kata. Dengan memanfaatkan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pelafalan pemelajar BIPA di Mesir dalam tes kemampuan berbicara. Deskripsi pelafalan ini mengindikasikan kemampuan pemelajar BIPA dalam mengenali kosakata, makna kata-kata, serta kesulitan pelafalan dalam tes kemampuan berbicara. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemelajar BIPA pemula di Mesir memiliki kesulitan pada level fonologis, yaitu pada artikulasi fonetik pada bunyi konsonan /b/, /p/, /ŋ/, /ɲ/, /k/, /ʔ/ dan secara konsisten kesulitan untuk memetakan bunyi /b/ ke /p/. Selain itu, cenderung menggandakan bunyi /ŋ/ dengan /ɡ/, juga menghindari bunyi /ɲ/.
Penelitian ini beranjak dari permasalahan bagaimana gambaran masa revolusi fisik serta pengaruhnya terhadap masyarakat yang diungkapkan melalui tokoh-tokohnya dalam dua novel Indonesia yaitu Jalan tak Ada Ujung karya Mochtar Lubis (1952) dan Pulang karya Toha Mohtar (1957). Untuk itu, tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui gambaran masa revolusi serta pengaruhnya terhadap tokoh dalam kedua novel tersebut. Sebagai strategi pembacaan digunakan pendekatan Sosiologi Sastra serta metode naturalistik. Dari latar waktu, tempat, sosial, dan budaya yang tampil pada kedua novel tersebut, diperoleh sejumlah informasi gambaran masa itu yang ditampilkan pengarang. Temuan dalam penelitian adalah kedua novel tersebut mengungkapkan gambaran revolusi yang berbeda. Novel Jalan Tak Ada Ujung menggambarkan masa penting dalam revolusi yang menampilkan kondisi sosial yang tidak jelas. Kondisi tersebut melahirkan tokoh yang semakin degradatif secara moral dan spiritual. Sedangkan Pulang menampilkan gambaran masa-masa tenang setelah tidak lagi terjadi konflik-konflik fisik. Namun, ketenangan tersebut menyimpan memori konflik yang mengganggu hubungan sosial dalam mengisi kemerdekaan. This article discusses about the problem of how the physical revolution and its influence on society were portrayed through its characters in Indonesian novels. The novel full of information at that time is the Way of No Edge by Mochtar Lubis and Pulang by Toha Mohtar. Two approaches, the Sociology of Literature approach and naturalistic methods are used to reveal new meanings and produce different interpretations. From the setting of time, place, social, and cultural background that appears in the two novels, there are a number of information and descriptions of the period that the author displays. The results of the analysis reveal a different picture of the revolution between the two novels. Novel Jalan Tak Ada Ujung describes an important period in maintaining independence so that it displays social conditions that are not clear. This condition gives birth to figures who are increasingly morally and spiritually degradative. Whereas Pulang shows a picture of calm times after no physical conflicts occur. However, this calm saves a memory of conflicts that disrupt social relations in filling independence.
This paper aims to discuss the problem of aesthetic in modern Indonesian literature in its relation with the politic. In contrast with the traditional understanding of the aesthetic and politic, this paper offers an alternative perspective abstracted by the French aesthetic philosopher, Jacques Rancière, to look into five problems concerning this matter. First, the mechanism of inclusion/exclusion in defining the aesthetic in relation to politic. This problem leads to the second, that is the definition of aesthetic as a distribution of sensibility which consists of the visible, the intelligible, and the possible where the main goal is to shatter the social hierarchy. In addition to this, the definition of revolutionary works relies not on the engagement of the artist into the political field, but on the succeed to bridging the hierarchical migration. Moreover, the presumption of equality as the foundation of the revolutionary in aesthetic, thus a popular work does not always consider as such. And finally, art as an act for the people to position themselves in participating in the polis, thus the idea of literacy is a very important instrument to make sure the subject to emancipate. By considering these problems, the question of when is the birth of modern Indonesian literature needs to be re-assessed.
Pers Islam awal abad XX mulai menggambarkan perempuan modern di Hindia Belanda. Beberapa teks pers Islam mencitrakan perempuan modern sebagai perempuan yang mengakses pendidikan atau bersekolah; dan turut serta dalam pergerakan pemuda atau studieclub. Terkait dengan hal tersebut, penelitian ini menelisik lebih luas ekspresi linguistik pada korpus pers Islam yang merepresentasikan perempuan modern pada awal abad XX. Penelitian ini pun memanfaatkan metode linguistik korpus, terutama fitur wordlist, collocation, dan keyword in context. Sumber data penelitian ini, Oetoesan Islam, Sinar Islam, Insjaf, Sawoenggaling Al Qisthaus, Lembaga Baroe, Pewarta Arab yang terbit antara 1915 s.d. 1935. Adapun temuan dalam penelitian ini adalah ekspresi linguistik yang mengindikasikan representasi perempuan adalah perampoean, isteri, gadis, dan perempoean. Sementara itu, Representasi perempuan yang ditampilkan dalam pers Islam abad XX adalah perempuan modern digambarkan sebagai perempuan yang dapat mengakses pendidikan tanpa melupakan pendidikan agama, perempuan modern juga digambarkan sebagai perempuan yang aktif dalam organisasi; perempuan modern juga ditampilkan sebagai perempuan yang menyuarakan hak-hak perempuan.
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