RESUMO -Foi avaliado o efeito das diferentes idades de rebrotação da Leucaena leucocephala, associada a gramíneas forrageiras sobre o consumo de forragem e o comportamento de caprinos em sistema silvipastoril. Adotou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos e cinco repetições. Avaliou-se três idades de rebrotação da leucena 45; 60 e 75 dias, com cinco dias de ocupação. O estrato herbáceo foi manejado com idades de 30 dias de rebrotação; foram utilizadas fêmeas mestiças da raça Anglonubiana, cujo comportamento em pastejo foi observado a cada dez minutos, das 8h às 17h. Durante as atividades realizadas pelos animais como ruminação, ócio, deslocamento e pastejo, identificou-se qual a fonte de alimento, se leucena ou estrato herbáceo. A cada duas horas foram aferidas taxa de bocados, levando em consideração o tempo gasto pelos animais para a realização de 20 apreensões. Para a avaliação do consumo foi realizado um teste de pastejo em três dias de ocupação do piquete. O tempo de pastejo foi a atividade mais executada pelos animais com 7,34h e não diferiu significativamente (P>0,05) entre as idades de rebrotação, seguido pelos tempos de deslocamento (1,36h), ruminação (0,51h), e ócio (0,39h). Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) para a taxa de bocados, massa de forragem total, taxa de ingestão, e consumo diário. O manejo das idades de rebrotação da leucena em sistema silvipastoril contribui de forma satisfatória para a produção de forragem de leucena e de gramíneas forrageiras e não interfere no comportamento em pastejo e ingestivo de caprinos. As gramíneas constituem-se no componente de maior preferência da dieta dos caprinos no sistema silvipastoril: leucena-gramíneas forrageiras. Palavras-chave: Caprinos. Leucena (Leucaena Leucocephala). Nutrição animal.ABSTRACT -This work evaluated the effect of the different ages of regrowth of Leucaena leucocephala, associated with forage grasses on forage intake and the goats behavior in silvopastoral system. We adopted a completely randomized design with three treatments and five replications. Reviewed by three regrowth ages of leucaena 45; 60 and 75 days, with five days of occupation. The herbaceous layer was managed aged 30 days of regrowth; females were crossbred Anglonubian the race, whose behavior in grazing was observed every ten minutes, from 8h to 17h. During the activities of the animals as rumination, idle, movement and grazing, was identified which the food supply if leucaena or herbaceous. Every two hours were measured bite rate, taking into account the time spent by the animals to carry out 20 arrests. For the evaluation of consumption was carried out grazing test in three days of paddock occupation. The grazing time was the most activity performed by animals with 7,34h and did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between the ages of regrowth, followed by travel times (1,36h), rumination (0,51h) and leisure (0,39h). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) for the bite rate, mass total forage intake rate, and daily consumption. The ma...
A raça Anglonubiana foi pesquisada com o objetivo de avaliar em fêmeas de diferentes idades e condições fisiológicas, indicadores de status térmico em resposta a condições ambientais com temperatura elevada. As cabras foram agrupadas em quatro classes de idade: com mais de 72 meses, de 36 a 72, entre 18 e 36 e marrãs com 12 a 15 meses, e foram submetidas à estação de monta em agosto/setembro, com final de gestação em dezembro e lactação em fevereiro, meses nos quais registraram-se a temperatura retal, frequência cardíaca e respiratória, também o escore e peso corporal, mensurados no mesmo animal quando este se encontrava "não prenhe", "prenhe" e em "lactação", nesses meses, respectivamente. As mensurações ocorreram durante seis dias alternados em cada mês, com leituras entre 14hs e 17hs, realizadas à sombra. Adotou-se delineamento casualizado com análise estatística num fatorial 4 x 3 (idade e período), com seis repetições. Constatou-se que, independente da idade, tamanho e estágio fisiológico as cabras Anglonubianas recorrem à elevação da frequência respiratória para complementar a dissipação de calor, que se mostrou eficiente em setembro sob temperatura ambiente elevada e baixa umidade do ar. As alterações nas características indicadoras de status térmico do animal, mais acentuadamente na temperatura retal, demonstram que o período do ano mais favorável à homeotermia corporal seja destinado a ocorrência de gestação e lactação.
The efficiency of the indigestible Dry Matter (DMi), indigestible Neutral Detergent Fibre (NDFi), indigestible Acid Detergent Fibre (ADFi) and Indigestible Lignin (LIGi) internal indicators was evaluated as a replacement for the method of total faecal collection in estimating faecal dry matter excretion and Dry Matter (DM) digestibility in diets containing hay from leaves of the babassu palm ammoniated with 4% urea in the maintenance of goats. Total diets, which included 70% hay from Guinea grass or ammoniated hay from leaves of the babassu palm were used. Twenty male goats in metabolic cages, were fed the above diets, with water and a mineral mixture at will. Mixed-model statistical analysis was adopted, with treatments consisting of the diets and the methods for evaluating faecal DM excretion and apparent DM digestibility. The diets were tested by linear regression and t-test to compare the mean values for faecal DM excretion and DM digestibility by total collection and internal indicators. The source of fibre in diets with a high proportion of bulk had an influence (P<0.05) on the estimation of faecal DM excretion and DM digestibility. The DMi NDFi, ADFi and LIGi indicators were recovered efficiently from the faeces and were effective in estimating faecal DM excretion by goats fed 33% hay from leaves of the babassu palm ammoniated with 4% urea as a replacement for Guinea-grass hay. The DMi, NDFi and ADFi indicators are accurate in estimating faecal DM excretion and DM digestibility in goat diets containing fibrous ammoniated hay from leaves of the babassu palm.
ABTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the tillering dynamics and population density of Andropogon gayanus cv. Planaltina, submitted to different cutting heights during the dry and rainy season. A randomized block design was adopted in a split plot scheme. In the main plot, the three cutting heights (10, 20, and 30 cm) were allocated, while the subplots included the following periods: dry (October, November, and December) and rainy (April, May, and June). During the dry period at the height of 10 cm, there was a higher population density of tillers, with 1298.44 tillers m-2. The appearance rate was higher in October for heights of 10 and 30 cm and in December for 20 cm. The 10-cm height provided a higher mortality rate. The survival rate and the stability index were higher in October, with 88.47% and 1.38, respectively. In the rainy season, specifically June, the pasture had a higher height (130.06 cm). The rate of appearance and the stability index were higher in April and during June there was greater mortality, while at the 20-cm height, there was less mortality and greater survival (85.71%) of the tillers. The 20-cm cut height provides a higher survival rate and lower mortality rate of andropogon grass in the dry and rainy season.
/agrariacad Comportamento e desempenho de caprinos a pasto suplementados com feno de leucena substituindo a torta de babaçu. Behavior and performance of goats grazing supplemented with leucaena hay replacing the babassu pie
________________________________________________________________________________ ResumoAvaliou-se a composição botânica e o comportamento em pastejo de caprinos e identificaram-se as plantas pastejadas em área de sistema silvipastoril e diferentes épocas do ano no Meio-Norte do Brasil, estado do Piauí. Seis cabras adultas foram arranjadas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, fatorial 3x5, com três épocas do ano (seca, transição e chuvosa) e cinco meses de avaliação, e seis repetições. A época do ano influencia a produção de forragem e a composição do pasto, além do comportamento em pastejo. Rebrotas de espécies lenhosas participam da dieta de caprinos, sendo importante o manejo de áreas de sistemas silvipastoris com manutenção das espécies conhecidas que compõem a dieta desses animais. Palavras-chave: capim-Andropogon, épocas do ano, espécies lenhosas, Meio-Norte, rebrotas AbstractThe botanical composition and grazing behavior of goats were evaluated and grazed plants were identified in silvopastoral system area and different seasons of the year in the Mid-North of Brazil, Piaui state. Six adult goats were arranged in completely randomized desing, factorial 3x5, with three seasons of the year (dry, transition and rainy) and five months of evaluation, and six replicates. The time of year influences the forage production and the composition of the pasture, besides the grazing behavior. Regrowths of woody species participate in the diet of goats, being important the management of areas of silvopastoral systems with maintenance of the known species that make up the diet of these animals.
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