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The DL-galactan hybrid C2S-3, isolated from the red seaweed Cryptonemia crenulata (Halymeniaceae, Halymeniales), is a potent and selective inhibitor of the multiplication of diverse strains of DENV-2 in Vero cells with higher effectiveness than the reference polysaccharide heparin. The presence of the compound either only at virus adsorption or at virus internalization exerted a significant and dose-dependent inhibition in DENV-2 plaque number. The compound failed to inactivate DENV-2 directly by incubation of virus before cell infection as well as to induce a refractory state by cell pretreatment. Thus, the inhibitory effect was exclusively exerted through a blockade in virus multiplication during the infectious process. When the entry of DENV-2 particles into the cell is bypassed, as occurs in virus RNA transfection, the polysaccharide C2S-3 failed to block the completion of the multiplication cycle. Furthermore, the antiviral properties of C2S-3 are not correlated with anticoagulant activity.

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Simulação realística como ferramenta de ensino na saúde: uma revisão integrativa Realistic simulation as a teaching tool in health: an integrative review Simulación realista como herramienta de enseñanza en la salud: una revisión integradora

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The incidence of pediatric adrenocortical tumors (ACT) is high in southern Brazil due to the founder TP53 R337H variant. Neonatal screening/surveillance (NSS) for this variant resulted in early ACT detection and improved outcomes. The medical records of children with ACT who did not participate in newborn screening (non-NSS) were reviewed (2012–2018). We compared known prognostic factors between the NSS and non-NSS cohorts and estimated surveillance and treatment costs. Of the 16 non-NSS children with ACT carrying the R337H variant, the disease stages I, II, III, and IV were observed in five, five, one, and five children, respectively. The tumor weight ranged from 22 to 608 g. The 11 NSS children with ACT all had disease stage I and were alive. The median tumor weight, age of diagnosis, and interval between symptoms and diagnosis were 21 g, 1.9 years, and two weeks, respectively, for the NSS cohort and 210 g, 5.2 years, and 15 weeks, respectively, for the non-NSS cohort. The estimated surveillance/screening cost per year of life saved is US$623/patient. NSS is critical for improving the outcome of pediatric ACT in this region. Hence, we strongly advocate for the inclusion of R337H in the state-mandated universal screening and surveillance.

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