RESUMO:O diabetes melito é uma doença crônica caracterizada pela elevação da glicose no sangue (hiperglicemia), sendo considerada um distúrbio do metabolismo dos carboidratos, lipídios e proteínas, devido à ausência de insulina produzida pelo pâncreas e/ou pela diminuição de sua ação. Tal patologia é a sexta causa de internação como diagnóstico primário e contribui em até 50% para outras causas como cardiopatias, acidente vascular cerebral e hipertensão arterial, entre outras. Uma alternativa de tratamento que nos últimos anos vem recebendo aumento de pesquisas e interesse de uso é a fitoterapia, a qual pode ser igualada e somada à terapia convencional. Com isso, o presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar o uso de plantas medicinais no tratamento de indivíduos com diabetes melito na cidade de Herval D'Oeste-SC e também apresentar a importância da ingestão segura de plantas medicinais. Os resultados obtidos mostram que esse consumo de plantas medicinais ocorre de maneira errônea, onde apenas 19% das plantas citadas tiveram comprovação científica na terapêutica do diabetes. Além disso, grande parte dos usuários de plantas medicinais (89,4%) escolhe as espécies vegetais através da cultura familiar. Portanto, há necessidade de mais pesquisas voltadas a essa terapia, assim como, maiores informações para a população e profissionais da saúde em relação à correta utilização das plantas, bem como a forma de preparo e quantidade a ser ingerida.Palavras-chave: diabetes melito, tratamento alternativo/complementar, plantas medicinais, fitoterapia ABSTRACT: Research on medicinal plants in treating individuals with diabetes mellitus in the city of Herval D' Oeste, Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease characterized by elevated blood glucose (hyperglycemia) and is considered a disturbance in the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, due to lack of insulin produced by the pancreas and / or reduction in its action. This condition is the sixth leading cause of hospitalization as primary diagnosis and contributes up to 50% to other causes such as heart diseases, stroke and hypertension, among others. An alternative treatment, which in recent years had an increase in interest and research, is the herbal medicine, which can be equalled and added to conventional therapy. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the use of medicinal plants in treating individuals with diabetes mellitus in the city of Herv al D' Oeste, Santa Catarina State, Brazil and also present the importance of safe intake of medicinal plants. The obtained results showed that consumption of medicinal plants occurs erroneously, where only 19% of the cited plants had scientific evidence for diabetes therapy. In addition, most users of medicinal plants (89.4%) choose the plant species by family culture. Thus, further research focused on this therapy is needed, as well as further information to the public and health professionals regarding the correct use of plants, preparation and quantity to be ingested.Key words: diabe...

Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae) is a plant widely used for treatment of various inflammatory and infectious conditions; however few reports discuss its biological properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects as well as the macrophage activity in mice treated with the hydroalcoholic crude extract of L. divaricata (CLD). Thin layer chromatography revealed presence of epicathequin, stigmasterol, lupeol and α,β-amyrin in the extract. To evaluate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, animals were subjected to paw edema induced by carrageenan test, writhing, formalin and capsaicin tests. Immunomodulatory activity was evaluated by adhesion and phagocytic capacity, lysosomal volume, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production by peritoneal macrophages, after daily treatment with CLD for 15 days. CLD promoted reduction in paw edema (36.8% and 50.2%; p<0.05 at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, respectively), inhibited writhing behavior at the higher dose (64.4%, p<0.05), reduced formalin reactivity (81.2% and 91.6% at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg, respectively, p<0.05), and reduced capsaicin reactivity by 63.9% (300 mg/kg). CLD (200 mg·kg -1 ·day -1 ) increased phagocytosis capacity of macrophages (~3 fold, p<0.05), neutral red uptake (~50%, p<0.001), and ROS production (~90%, p<0.001). These data suggest that CLD possesses anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunostimulatory properties. Luehea divaricata (Malvaceae) é utilizada para o tratamento de várias condições patológicas, entretanto, há poucos relatos sobre sua bioatividade. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito anti-inflamatório e analgésico, bem como a atividade de macrófagos em camundongos tratados com extrato bruto hidroalcoólico (CLD) da planta. Cromatografia em camada delgada revelou a presença de epicatequina, estigmasterol, lupeol e α,β-amirina no material. Para avaliar a atividade anti-inflamatória e analgésica, animais foram submetidos a teste de edema de pata induzido por carragenana, teste de contorções, da formalina e da capsaicina. A atividade imunomodulatória foi avaliada pela capacidade de adesão e de fagocitose dos macrófagos, volume lisossômico e produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS), após tratamento diário com CLD por 15 dias. CLD promoveu redução do edema de pata (36,8% e 50,2%; 100 e 300 mg/kg, respectivamente; p<0,05), redução do número de contorções (64,4%; 300 mg/kg; p<0,05), redução da reatividade no teste da formalina (81,2% e 91,6%; 100 e 300 mg/kg, respectivamente; p<0,05), e no teste da capsaicina em 63,9% (300 mg/kg). CLD (200 mg·kg Uniterms: Luehea divaricata

The gastroprotective potential of the methanolic extracts from peels (MEPe), seeds (MESe) and pulp (MEPu) of Chrysophyllum cainito L. (Sapotaceae) fruits was evaluated in mice using ethanol/HCl- and indomethacin-induced ulcer, as well as the antiulcer effect of the juice and flour from this fruit. The lowest oral gastroprotective dose of MEPe, MESe and MEPu against ethanol/HCl was 3, 3 and 10 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, all extracts increased mucin secretion at 176, 198 and 193%. Intraperitoneal administration of MEPe (0.3 mg/kg), MESe (0.3 mg/kg) and MEPu (1 mg/kg) also promoted gastroprotection against ethanol/HCl. In addition, MEPe (3 mg/kg, p.o), MESe (3 mg/kg, p.o) and MEPu (10 mg/kg, p.o) reduced indomethacin-induced gastric ulcer in mice by 78, 70 and 50%, respectively. Regarding the mode of action, the gastroprotective effect of MEPe was decreased by the pre-administration of N-ethylmaleimide (NEM, a sulfhydryl group chelator, 10 mg/kg, i.p), glibenclamide (a potassium channel blocker, 10 mg/kg, i.p), yohimbine (10 mg/kg, i.p, an alpha-adrenergic receptor antagonist, 10 mg/kg, i.p) and indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, 10 mg/kg, i.p). The gastroprotective effect of MESe was reduced by the pre-administration of NEM, glibenclamide, N-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, 70 mg/kg, i.p) and yohimbine, while MEPu had the gastroprotective effect decreased in animals pretreated with NEM and L-NAME. However, the extracts did not reduce gastric acid secretion. The supplementation with the flour from C. cainito fruit at 10% by 7 days, but not the juice intake, displayed gastroprotective potential, evidencing the fruit as a promising functional food. Together, the antiulcer effect of extracts of the C. cainito fruit in different experimental models was confirmed by the favoring of mucosal protective mechanisms among different, but complementary, modes of action. In parallel, the gastroprotective effects of the flour from C. cainito fruit were also described.

According to the Brazilian folk medicine, the leaves of Plinia edulis (Vell.) Sobral (Myrtaceae), known as cambuca, are indicated in the treatment of gastric disorders. Infusions of P. edulis leaves were previously demonstrated to contain both maslinic (MA) and ursolic acids (UA). Both triterpenes have also been identified in the methanolic extract of peels from P. edulis fruit (MEPPE); however, the antiulcer effects of MEPPE have not yet been studied. This study therefore evaluates the gastroprotective potential of MEPPE, MA, and UA using ethanol/HCl- and indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in mice. In addition, the in vitro effects of these compounds on the H, K-ATPase activity and on the free radical DPPH were measured. When used at concentration of 100 μg/mL, both MEPPE and UA were found to reduce the DPPH radical levels by 78.66 and 60.14%, respectively. However, MA did not reduce DPPH radical levels. Our results illustrated the antiulcer effects of MEPPE, MA, and UA against experimental ulcer models when administered by either the oral or the intraperitoneal routes. In addition, MEPPE reduced the size of ethanol/HCl-induced ulcers in a dose-dependent manner (log half-maximal effective oral dose, LogED = 1.09). Interestingly, UA promoted gastroprotection at lower doses than MA by increasing the production of mucin levels at 692%; however, it does not alter the activity of H, K-ATPase. In contrast, both MEPPE and MA, when incubated at concentrations of 10 and 100 μg/mL, inhibited H, K-ATPase activity in 61.81, 68.37, 54.04, and 70.45%, respectively. These results confirm that MEPPE, MA, and UA display gastroprotective activity through different modes of action; MA inhibits H, K-ATPase activity, whereas UA favour the mucus barrier.

-Background -Given the increase of people with gastrointestinal disorders, the search for alternative treatments with fewer side effects is vital, as well as the demand for food or plants that can help protect the stomach. Objective -The aim of this study was to evaluate the gastroprotective action of the extracts of wild fruit trees of Myrcianthes pungens (guabiju); Inga vera Willd. (ingá-banana) and Marlierea tomentosa Cambess. (guarapuruna) in in vivo pharmacological models. Methods -The different parts of the fruits were separately subjected to a process of extraction by methanol. Two experimental pharmacological models were conducted in mice; the gastric ulcer model induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (indomethacin), and the gastric ulcer model induced by ethanol/HCl, which allowed us to evaluate the gastroprotective activity of the extracts at a dose of 250 mg/kg. Subsequently, the total lesion area (mm 2 ) and relative lesion area (%) were determined. Results -The results showed significant gastroprotective activity against the aggressive agents used -ethanol and indomethacin -for all the extracts tested. Conclusion -It is assumed that the fruits have bioactive compounds such as antioxidant substances that act on the prostaglandin levels, protecting them from the damage caused by ethanol and indomethacin. These results prompt further studies to isolate and identify the active properties.

Background: The last decade has been marked by increasing data regarding gastroinstestinal diseases, specially gastritis and ulcer. In order to prevent or treat these diseases, many studies have demonstrated the potential of medicinal plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the phytochemical profile and the gastroprotective activity of the methanolic extract of Myrcianthes pungens whole fruit, peel, pulp, seeds, and leaves. Methods: The methanolic extracts were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) to detect the presence of phenolic compounds by direct comparison with an authentic sample. To evaluate the gastroprotective activity, two experimental models were used: acute ulcer model induced by ethanol/HCl and acute ulcer model induced by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (indomethacin). Animals were divided in different groups (n = 6) and pretreated orally with the methanolic extracts of M. pungens at doses of 50, 125, and 250 mg/kg, the positive control (cimetidine 100 mg/kg) and negative control (distilled water). Results: The TLC analysis indicated the presence of the flavonoids quercetin and quercitrin in the leaves, quercetin in the peel, and catechin and epicatechin in the leaves and seeds of M. pungens. The extracts of leaves, peel, and pulp showed significant gastroprotective potential regarding the relative area of the lesion observed only in acute ulcer model induced by ethanol. The extracts of whole fruit, peel, pulp, seeds, and leaves showed significant gastroprotective potential observed in acute ulcer induced by indomethacin model. Conclusions: The gastroprotective activity can be related with the presence of some phenolic compounds identified in phytochemical analysis.