The triumph of the crops association with vegetables in semi-arid environment depends on crop types grown and adequate manipulation of treatment-factors tested such as fertilization, plant population, among others. Thus, this investigation aimed to valuate the bio-economic return of beet-rocket strip-intercropping in diverse balanced quantities of hairy woodrose (M. aegyptia) and roostertree (C. procera) biomass (20, 35, 50 and 65 t ha-1 on base dry) and in different rocket plant population (40, 60, 80 and 100% of that recommended population in monocropping - RPM), associated with the beet population of 100% of the RPM, in two years of cultivation. The bio-economic indices: land equivalent ratio (LER), intercropping advantage (IA), actual yield loss (AYL), productive efficiency index (PEI), canonical variable score (Z), gross return (GR) and net return (NR), rate of return (RR) and profit margin (PM) were assessed. The greatest bio-economic returns of beet-rocket strip-intercropping were of: 1.87; 7.44; 1.90; 0.98; 2.52; 85,827.79 and 65,425.01 R$ ha-1; 4.24 R$ for each real invested, and 77.02%, respectively, for LER, IA, AYL, PEI, Z, GR, NR, RR and PM in the biomass quantity of 65 t ha-1 of hairy woodrose and roostertree, in the rocket population of 100% of the RPM (a million plants ha-1). The hairy woodrose and roostertree biomass use from Caatinga biome proved to be a viable technology for growers who practice the cultivation of beet-rocket strip-intercropping in semi-arid environment.
Green manuring with spontaneous species from Caatinga biome has become an important strategy in production vegetables. One of the great challenges in tuberous vegetables production is to define an optimized quantity that provides a high productive yield with economic efficiency of production system. The objective of this study was to optimize agronomically and economically the production and its components of tuberous crops of beetroot and radish when manured with different amounts of green manures biomass, Merremia aegyptia and Calotropis procera from Caatinga biome, in two cropping seasons. The experimental design was a randomized complete block with five treatments and five replications. Treatments consisted of green manures amounts (16, 26, 36, 46, 56 t ha-1). The maximum agronomic efficiency of beetroot and radish was obtained with incorporation of 49.87 and 39.43 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera, respectively, and the production maximum economic efficiency was reached when 36.14 and 36.48 t ha-1, respectively, of biomass of these green manures were added to the soil. The returns rate obtained in beetroot and radish cultivation using the manures optimized amounts were 1.42 and 1.32 reais obtained for each real invested in the production of these tuberous.
Given the lack of information on the use of spontaneous plants from the Caatinga biome as green manure to produce green grains, the present work aimed to agronomically and economically optimize cowpea production for green grains and their components when fertilized with equitable biomass amounts of hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia L.) and roostertree (Calotropis procera Ait.) in two cropping seasons in a semi-arid environment. The experiment used a randomized complete block design, with five treatments and five replicates. The treatments consisted of equitable amounts of dry M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass of 16, 29, 42, 55 and 68 t ha-1. In each experiment, an additional treatment was planted with cowpea without fertilizer (absolute control), and another was fertilized with mineral fertilizer for the purpose of comparison with the treatment of maximum physical or economic efficiency. The maximum optimized physical (agronomic) efficiencies of cowpea green pods and grain production were reached in the productivity of green pods at 3.90 t ha-1 and green grains at 4.06 t ha-1, with incorporation into the soil of 45.07 and 50.48 t ha-1 of green manure, respectively. The maximum economic efficiency of cowpea green grain production was reached at a net income of R$5826.12 ha-1 and at a rate of return of 1.29 reals for each real invested with application to the soil of 38.74 and 37.85 t ha-1 of the tested green manure biomass.
One of the biggest difficulties in the intercropping of radish-lettuce is to obtain the ideal dose of green manure and the adequate planting density for the crops. Therefore, the objective of the present work was to evaluate the agro-economic benefits of radish-lettuce intercropping under the influence of green manuring with Merremia aegyptia (hairy woodrose) and Calotropis procera (roostertree) and lettuce population densities in a semi-arid environment, in two cropping seasons. The experimental design used was randomized blocks, with treatments arranged in a 4x4 factorial scheme, with 4 replicates. The first factor in this scheme consisted of equitable biomass amounts of M. aegyptia and C. procera at doses of 20, 35, 50 and 65 t/ha on a dry basis, and the second factor of lettuce population densities of 150, 200, 250 and 300 thousand plants/ha. The production of radish and lettuce and its components, in addition to the agroeconomic indicators, system productivity index (SPI), land equivalent coefficient (LEC) and monetary equivalent ratio (MER) were evaluated. The greatest agro-economic benefits of the intercropped radish-lettuce were obtained with SPI of 15.37 t/ha, LEC of 1.27 and MER of 1.30, respectively, in the combination of 65 t/ha of M. aegyptia and C. procera biomass with the lettuce population density of 300 thousand plants/ha. The maximum commercial productivity of radish roots in the intercropping system was 8.45 t/ha in the combination of the biomass amount of 20 t/ha of M. aegyptia and C. procera and lettuce population density of 300 thousand plants/ha, while the maximum lettuce leaf productivity optimized in intercropping was 17.72 t/ha, in the combination of green manures biomass amount of 65 t/ha and population density of 300 thousand plants/ha of lettuce. The use of spontaneous species from the Caatinga biome as green manure in the radish-lettuce intercropping provides optimized agro-economic benefits in a semi-arid environment.
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