: Venous thromboembolism remains as one of the leading causes of maternal death. Prevention of venous thromboembolism in the obstetric population is challenging as recommendations for prophylaxis have low grade of evidence. Risk factors and prophylaxis guidelines have been highlighted by Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. In 2014, we developed a written alert following this guidelines to guide thromboprophylaxis. The aim of this study is to assess recommendations compliance. This study was conducted at University-Hospital in Uruguay from January 2014 to December 2016. A total of 1035 women were enrolled and stratified in high, intermediate or low risk based on Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists guidelines. Thromboprophylaxis was recommended for women at intermediate and high risk. Women were followed up to assess symptomatic thromboembolism or haemorrhagic complications. A total of 309 were pregnant and 731 puerperal. Median age was 24 (19-29) years old. Of them, 3.0% (n = 31) were at high risk and 35.4% (n = 366) at intermediate risk. All high-risk women received prophylaxis with low-molecular-weight heparin. Of the 366 intermediate-risk women, 52.7% received prophylaxis. Venous thromboembolism was developed in only one woman of the intermediate group, who had received prophylaxis. Bleeding complications were not observed. Awareness of the thrombotic risk, as conferred by an easy and suitable risk assessment, has the potential to improve venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in pregnant and puerperal women. We have a good guidelines compliance with the written alert in the high-risk women group. However, we have to improve low-molecular-weight heparin indication in intermediate-risk group, especially in postcaesarean women.
Abruptio placentae and hereditary thrombophiliaAbruptio placentae e trombofilia hereditária Resumen: El abruptio placentae o desprendimiento prematuro de placenta normoinserta se define como el desprendimiento parcial o completo de la placenta normalmente implantada que ocurre antes del parto en embarazos mayores a 20 semanas. Entidad de elevada morbimortalidad (75%). La pato-fisiología es multifactorial, disminución de la invasión trofoblástica de las arterias espirales, disfunción endotelial y activación anormal de la coagulación a nivel de la interface materno-fetal. Es controversial si la trombofilia hereditaria contribuye a este proceso y de ser así como lo haría. Se realiza una revisión del tema con recomendaciones de estudio y tratamiento en pacientes que tienen esta patología.
Restricción del crecimiento fetal y trombofiliaFetal growth restriction and thrombophilia Restrição de crescimento fetal e trombofiliaResumen: La restricción del crecimiento fetal es una patología obstétrica frecuente, multifactorial, con elevada morbimortalidad perinatal, que debe ser abordada por un equipo multidisciplinario. Se define como la incapacidad para lograr el máximo potencial de crecimiento fetal. En Uruguay se recomienda para los criterios diagnósticos los establecidos en 2016 por la International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetric and Gynecology (ISUOG), destacando que la realización del seguimiento del crecimiento ecográfico no debe realizarse en un plazo menor a 2 semanas. Se describen causas maternas, fetales y ovulares Dentro de las probables causas maternas se describen en la literatura las trombofilias, fundamentalmente las adquiridas.
Utilidad de la ecografía y del ecodoppler color en pacientes de alto riesgo obstétrico Usefulness of ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasound in high-risk obstetric patients Utilidade do ultrassom e do ultrassom Doppler colorido em pacientes obstétricas de alto risco Resumen: La ecografía obstétrica, nos permite determinar con adecuada precisión la biometría fetal y realizar el seguimiento de su curva de crecimiento en función de la edad gestacional. El Eco-Doppler Feto-Placentario, permite el estudio del flujo sanguíneo materno-fetal y de la circulación placentaria de forma no invasiva, inocua y reproducible. Su eficacia ha sido demostrada en el control del embarazo de alto riesgo obstétrico, logrando una reducción de la mortalidad perinatal del 49%. El mismo evalúa la circulación útero -placentaria (arterias uterinas y arteria umbilical), la circulación fetal arterial (arteria cerebral media) y la venosa (Ductus Venoso, Vena Cava Inferior, Vena Umbilical). Identificar el grupo de pacientes con trombofilia, que requieren un control ecográfico más estricto es fundamental para lograr el beneficio con el tratamiento médico.
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