One of the commonest neotropical stingless bees is Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811), popularly known in Portuguese as jataí, which occurs in variable nesting sites from Mexico to Argentina. We used 18 primers to generate 218 RAPD markers which we used to determined the genetic distance between T. angustula populations from 25 localities in three different Latin America countries, using Tetragonisca weyrauchi from the Brazilian state of Acre and the common honey bee (Apis mellifera) as outgroups. Genetic distance, calculated as the Percentage of Dissimilarity (14%), based on all markers divided the T. angustula population into eastern (group 1) and western (group 2) groups. However, we were able to separate the two groups by using only two primers that have generated five specific molecular markers. The eastern group consists of T. angustula angustula which occurs from Panama to the Brazilian states of Maranhão and northern Minas Gerais and has spread through the Brazilian Atlantic Forest as far as the southern Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. Group 2 is made up of T. angustula fiebrigi which has a more southerly and western distribution, occurring only in the western Brazilian states of Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul as well as the west of some other Brazilian states (Goiás, Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Paraná and Santa Catarina) and northeastern Argentina.
Grosso e Mato Grosso do Sul. O grupo 1 (correspondente à T. a. angustula) encontrou-se distribuído no Panamá, Maranhão, Norte de Minas Gerais e pela Mata Atlântica alcançou o Estado de Santa Catarina. Exceto para as amostras do Norte de Minas (Bocaiúva e São Francisco) e Araxá, o "cluster" 1, de uma maneira geral, encontrou-se distribuído em florestas úmidas. Não foi possível estabelecer os limites entre os grupos na região norte de Mato Grosso, Goiás, Tocantins e Amazônia, por falta de coleta nestes locais. Marcadores RAPD mostraram ser uma eficiente ferramenta molecular para estudos de populações em Meliponíneos. ABSTRACT Tetragonisca angustula (Latreille, 1811) popularly known as 'jatai', is one of the most common stingless bees of the Neotropical region. It presents well varied nidification sites and it is found from México to Argentina. This research determined the genetic distance through RAPD markers among 29 bee populations comprising: 26 samples of T. angustula from 26 different places in three Latin America countries; two samples of T. buchwaldi ('jatai' from Acre) and one sample of Apis mellifera as the outgroup. Eieven short and seven long primers were used in this analysis. They produced 218 bands with an average number of polimorfism per primer of 3,8 for the 'jatai' group. The genetic distance as Percent Disagreement (PD) divided the T. angustula population in two groups at the levei of 0,139. Group 1 was formed by the samples: Panamá, Mirador, Aristóbulo dei Valle. Panamá was the most different genotype within group 1, with a genetic distance of 0,121 from the outhers, while the maximum distance within group 2 was 0,072 for the Argentinian group (Posadas, Aristóbulo dei Valle and Cerro Azul) in relation to the others in the same group. The genotype of Pilar do Sul obtained by the cluster analysis (group 2) apparently does not correspond to its geographic distribution. This may have ocurred due to the fact that this sample, and also the one from Prudentópolis, were collected in a meliponary in Ribeirão Preto which were kept there since 1993 and 1992, respectively. The long primers
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