De um estudo sobre tendência epidemiológica da tuberculose infantil no Município do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, foram extraídos dados importantes observados na população estudada. Os resultados mostraram aumento da incidência de tuberculose infantil no município, com indicadores epidemiológicos muito acima da média do País.

Objective: To compare clinical, radiological and laboratory aspects of household contacts, aged 15 or younger, of patients presenting a positive culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Methods: This was a cohort study comparing children and adolescents (≤ 15 years of age) who were household contacts of TB cases presenting positive sputum smear and positive culture results (exposed group, n = 100) or negative sputum smear and positive culture results (unexposed group, n = 55). All of the contacts were evaluated via the TB control program of a university hospital in the city of Vitória, Brazil, between July of 2003 and December of 2006. Results: Of the 155 minors evaluated, 87 (56.1%) were female and 68 (43.9%) were male. Of those 155, 28 (18%) were aged 5 or younger, 62 (40%) were aged 5-9, and 65 (42%) were aged 10-15. Symptoms of the disease were found in 17 (17%) of the 100 contacts in the exposed group and in 9 (16%) of the 55 in the unexposed group (p = 0.86). Chest X-rays showed alterations in 20 (21%) and 2 (4%) of the contacts in the exposed and unexposed groups, respectively (RR = 6.9; p = 0.004). In the exposed and unexposed groups, respectively, 35 (38%) and 10 (18%) of the contacts presented positive results on the tuberculin skin test (RR = 2.8; p = 0.01). Of the 100 contacts in the exposed group, 5 (5%) were diagnosed with TB, which was not diagnosed in any of those in the unexposed group (p = 0.08). Conclusions: Although no significant difference was found between the two groups regarding the incidence of TB, it is of note that there is a greater risk of becoming infected with M. tuberculosis if the bacterial load of the index case is high.Keywords: Tuberculosis; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Tuberculosis, pulmonary; Child; Adolescent. ResumoObjetivo: Comparar aspectos clínicos, radiológicos e laboratoriais de contatos domiciliares, menores de 15 anos, de pacientes com cultura positiva para Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo de coorte comparando crianças e adolescentes (≤ 15 anos) que eram contatos domiciliares de casos de TB com baciloscopia e cultura positiva (grupo exposto, n = 100) ou com baciloscopia negativa e cultura positiva (grupo não-exposto, n = 55). Todos os contatos foram avaliados no período de julho de 2003 a dezembro de 2006, no programa de controle da TB de um hospital universitário na cidade de Vitória (ES). Resultados: Das 155 contatos avaliados, 87 (56,1%) eram do sexo feminino e 68 (43,9%) do masculino. Do total, 28 (18%) eram menores de 5 anos; 62 (40%), entre 5-9 anos; e 65 (42%), entre 10-15 anos. Foi detectada a presença de sintomas de TB em 17 (17%) dos 100 contatos no grupo exposto e em 9 (16%) dos 55 no grupo não-exposto (p = 0,86). A radiografia de tórax apresentou alterações em 20 (21%) e 2 (4%) dos contatos nos grupos exposto e não-exposto, respectivamente (RR = 6,9; p = 0,004). Nos grupos exposto e não-exposto, respectivamente, 35 (38%) e 10 (18%) dos contatos apresentaram prova tuberculínica positiva (RR = 2,8; p = 0,01). No total, 5 co...

Telemedicine has proven to be an important tool for the assistance continuity facing the current COVID-19 pandemic. We discussed the role of tele-interconsultation and remote matrix support as resources, within the scope of the Unified Health System, in supporting primary care teams, aiming at maintaining quality and resolution, increasing demand for services, as well as the limitations to their implementation. There are difficulties in access by the population, the need for investment and resistance by professionals and managers. It is still necessary regulation of telemedicine activity in the country, given that the permission by the Federal Council of Medicine occured only during the pandemic. The ability to fill gaps and deficiencies left by specialized services and reference centers stands out, since there is an increase in demand in several areas. In addition, the opportunity for learning, safety in conduct and empowerment of primary care professionals is investigated.

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