Resumo -O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade da madeira de Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul para uso energético e determinar os rendimentos e propriedades do carvão vegetal produzido em diferentes temperaturas de carbonização. Foram retirados discos de 3 cm de espessura nas posições basal, 25%, 50%, 75% e 100% da altura comercial do fuste. Os discos foram cortados em cunhas e metade destas foi utilizada para análises na madeira e a outra metade foi carbonizada em temperaturas finais de 400 ºC, 500 ºC e 600 ºC para avaliação dos rendimentos e características do biorredutor. A densidade básica (1,2 g cm -3), teor de lignina (34%), poder calorífico superior (4.845 cal g -1 ) e rendimento gravimétrico de carbonização (RGC) aos 400 ºC (41,5%) da madeira do caneleiro se destacaram. O aumento da temperatura de pirólise da madeira de 400 ºC para 600 ºC resultou em acréscimo de 29,4% do teor de carbono fixo e redução de 19% e 63,4%, respectivamente, do RGC e do teor de materiais voláteis do carvão vegetal. Conclui-se que a espécie apresentou valores satisfatórios para produção energética. Wood and charcoal energy properties of Cenostigma macrophyllum: subsidies to sustainable useAbstract -This study aimed to evaluate the quality Cenostigma macrophyllum Tul wood for energetic use and to determine the yields and charcoal properties produced at different carbonization temperatures. Discs with 3 cm of thickness were obtained from stem basal positions, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of commercial height. The discs were split in two parts. One was used to determine wood properties and the other was carbonized at final temperatures of 400 ºC, 500 ºC and 600 ºC for bio-reducer evaluation . Basic density (1.2 g cm -3), lignin content (34%), higher calorific value (4,845 cal g -1 ) and gravimetric yield in charcoal (GYC) at 400 ºC (41.5%) were the highlights. The increase of wood pyrolysis temperature from 400 ºC to 600 ºC resulted in 29.4% increase in fixed carbon content and a reduction of 19% and 63.4%, respectively, in charcoal GYC and volatile matter content. In general, the species presented satisfactory energy production.
This study aimed to examine the relationships between the characteristics of charcoal from Qualea parviflora Mart. using canonical correlation analysis. Five trees were analyzed in such way that 5-cm thick discs were removed from each tree at the base, DBH (1.30 m), middle and top sections. The wood was carbonized in a muffle furnace at a heating rate of 1.67 °C min-1. A canonical correlation analysis was conducted to investigate the relationships between the group formed by fixed carbon, volatile matter, ash, elemental carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen levels and a second group formed by the gravimetric yield, higher heating value and relative bulk density of the charcoal. A tendency was noted for high levels of fixed carbon and elemental carbon to be associated to low levels of volatile matter, ash and oxygen and to low gravimetric yield. Fixed carbon and elemental carbon levels had a positive relation to higher heating value and to relative bulk density, whereas volatile matter, ash and oxygen levels had a negative relation to such characteristics. The higher the gravimetric yield from carbonization, the higher the volatile matter, ash and oxygen levels will be in the resulting charcoal.
Aim of the study was to estimate the influence of the fiber length and basic density on microfibril angle of Eucalyptus microcorys wood. The study area was in an experimental planting at the Universidade Federal de Lavras, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. Three 37 year-old Eucalyptus microcorys trees were used, from whose stems six centimeter-thick discs were removed, cut at a high of three meters. The disks were sanded and planed to highlight the growth rings. Specimens were taken every 1,5 cm across the radius from pith to bark for determining microfibril angle, fiber length and wood basic density. The microfibril angles were determined by use of polarized light microscopy, while the fiber morphology and basic density were determined by usual methods. The averages found for microfibril angle (12,6°), fiber length (968 µm) and basic density (480 kg.m-3) are, in general, within the range of values reported for these characteristics of wood. The microfibril angle showed accentuated reduction of the average values in the pith-bark direction. The fiber length and basic density showed the opposite behavior. We observed that the density and fiber length may be used as a microfibril angle predictor, accounting for 96% and 79% of its variation, respectively.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal a análise econômica e financeira de um projeto com 100 fornos tipo container industrial e 100 fornos tipo retangular de 40st. para a produção de carvão vegetal. Para tanto, utilizaram-se como indicadores financeiros a lucratividade, rentabilidade, prazo de retorno do investimento e ponto de equilíbrio. Os indicadores econômicos utilizados para proceder a análise econômica foram o VPL, TIR, B(C)PE e B/C. Concluíram que os fornos são viáveis do ponto de vista econômico e financeiro. Entretanto o forno container por ter maior VPL daria um retorno mais lucrativo quando comparado ao retangular de 40 st.
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